tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35606783276161924432024-03-12T20:55:57.642-04:00HAM Country blog<p></p>
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<i>Supplement to the <a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAMCountry.html"> HAM Country</a> web site. A journal of genealogy articles related to the HAM, HAMM, HAMME, or HAMN surname. Includes some posts related to history, genealogy, DNA and genetics relevant to the HAM surname. Areas include United States, England, and France.
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copyright 2008-2018 by Dave Hamm
</i>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.comBlogger85125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-15085203275195070702019-02-07T10:47:00.000-05:002019-02-07T14:12:54.811-05:00Largest Shared Segment Variation from Half Life Equation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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HAM Group #1 </h2>
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Largest Shared Segment Variation from Half Life Equation</h3>
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This table is intended to report out the variation in error from the <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">autosomal Half Life equation</a> for HAM Y-DNA Group #1, and mention a few related problems.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcPe46HO59Wm4YjCkowtyqZppMySo5Bdit43Bdd1YBfKam7cZ05I0fnrxqlAATMjOaSR8IkhAgm3TN5lETFE6aH9quC3q96Mv09Dj_IzDLUxzAFMVISBQzvue-Xo8_FDQ0woTfuQJ0TnI/s1600/HAM_Group01_Largest_Shared_Segments_Variation_Summary_Screenshot_020619.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1122" data-original-width="1600" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcPe46HO59Wm4YjCkowtyqZppMySo5Bdit43Bdd1YBfKam7cZ05I0fnrxqlAATMjOaSR8IkhAgm3TN5lETFE6aH9quC3q96Mv09Dj_IzDLUxzAFMVISBQzvue-Xo8_FDQ0woTfuQJ0TnI/s640/HAM_Group01_Largest_Shared_Segments_Variation_Summary_Screenshot_020619.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>HAM Group #1 Largest Shared Segment Variation from Half Life Equation</b></td></tr>
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Here, I am using the autosomal half life equation on the largest shared segment, when compared to the closest (confirmed) cousin level.<br />
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Comparing Maximum cMs for the Half Life Equation<br />
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Although it would appear that using the setting of maximum cMs per chromosome should in general produce an improvement in estimates, an excessive IBD segment can throw off a much larger error. For example, between 4C1R T133xxx and T611xxx the error from using the maximum cM values throws off significant error. In this case, the segment begins just within a known "Excess IBD" area, and ends well outside the known "Excess IBD" area.<br />
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The table shows that on average, the error from the use of 281.5 cMs is slightly less than using the maximum per chromosome. I should emphasize that these are the relationships as I have it today.<br />
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For a different comparison of error, 5th cousin T074xxx and T611xxx share a different segment on chr 21, which is outside the known "Excess IBD" area. The answer may or may not be endogamy, so it might be interesting to examine why using chromosome maximums with the half life equation might throw error from a non "Excess IBD" area.<br />
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<b>Endogamy or Excess IBD?</b><br />
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Wendell and Dave relate a couple of times. The basic thought there is that William Ham, Jr. and Thomas Ham were two brothers that married two sisters, Catherine Eldridge and Ann Eldridge. Also, Wendell descends twice from our common ancestor William Ham, Sr. and wife.<br />
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So for me that is:<br />
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Dave -> Rufus -> 1) Ambrose 2) Joshua 3) Eli 4) William Ham, Jr. 5) William Ham, Sr.<br />
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Or, 5 generations back.<br />
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For Wendell, that goes like this:<br />
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Wendell -> mother -> 1) Nettie 2) Nelson 3) Larkin 4) Thomas Ham 5) William Ham, Sr.<br />
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For the two Eldridge sisters:<br />
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Dave -> Rufus -> 1) Ambrose 2) Joshua 3) Eli 4) Catherine Eldridge 5) Zachariah Eldridge<br />
Wendell -> mother -> 1) Nettie 2) Nelson 3) Larkin 4) Ann Eldridge 5) Zachariah Eldridge<br />
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On top of that, Wendell is also my 5C1R cousin via Levi Ham:<br />
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Wendell -> mother -> 1) Nettie 2) Tabitha 3) Luvene 4) Levi 5) Thomas Ham 6) William Ham, Sr.<br />
Wendell -> mother -> 1) Nettie 2) Tabitha 3) Luvene 4) Levi 5) Ann Eldridge 6) Zachariah Eldridge<br />
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Therefore, Wendell and I can relate at the 5th cousin level to these common ancestors:<br />
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1) William Ham, Sr.<br />
2) the wife of William Ham, Sr.<br />
3) Zachariah Eldridge via daughter Catherine Eldridge, the wife of William Ham, Jr.<br />
4) the wife of Zachariah Eldridge<br />
5) Thomas Ham, the son of William Ham, Sr.<br />
6) the wife of Thomas Ham, Ann Eldridge (i.e. daughter of Zachariah Eldridge)<br />
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Just to emphasize, I can relate to Wendell *as 5th cousin* through either Zachariah Eldridge, the wife of Zachariah Eldridge, the daughter of Zachariah Eldridge, via William Ham, Sr, or his son Thomas Ham, depending upon which line that you happen to follow.<br />
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To be brief, the closest ancestor that Wendell and I share in common is at the 5th cousin level. But there are multiple shared ancestors at that level for us for multiple reasons.<br />
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In order to be specific to each 5th cousin ancestor, that requires a comparison of the starting and ending locations to the matching shared segment. So, with enough participants, we should eventually be able to sort out which segment belongs to which ancestor.<br />
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Basically, the procedure to separate out multiple ancestors in common is to see who else shares the same starting and/or ending location at about the same size. Often, that leads you back to a recurring surname (from the general population).<br />
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Most vendors currently set a minimum requirement for a match at 7 cMs.<br />
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Of the above 17 known relationships for this Group #1 autosomal study:<br />
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- 60 % (3 out of 5) of the 4th cousins do not meet the minimum matching requirements.<br />
- 57 % (4 out of 7) of the 5th cousins do not meet the minimum matching requirements.<br />
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Among those above 3rd cousins, 58 % (7 out of 12) do not meet the minimum matching requirements.<br />
Which means overall, 41 % (7 out of 17) do not meet the minimum matching requirements.<br />
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<b>Another Example:</b><br />
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What strikes me as interesting is the relationship between 5th cousins Jimmy and Dave (T103xxx and T611xxx). The two do not show up as a match at Family Tree DNA (FTDNA), yet have a similar relationship where two first cousins married two Brinegar females. (Isaac Ham married Mary Brinegar and Eli Ham married Celia Brinegar). <br />
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Note: T103xxx and T611xxx are an exact match on the Y-DNA at 111 markers (40777 and 478168).<br />
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So, at the 5th cousin level:<br />
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- they should relate in more than one way (Ham and Brinegar), <br />
- the segment is NOT in a known "Excess IBD" area,<br />
- they are an exact match at 111 markers on the Y-DNA, <br />
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and yet they do not show up as a match from the vendor because the largest shared matching segment is 6.7 cMs (which is below the vendor's lower limit threshold of 7 cMs).<br />
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The sum of shared segments greater than 1 cM between T103xxx and T611xxx is 68.7 over 29 segments. Again, this is not compatible with the Shared cM Project, due to the difference in parameter set at GedMatch using the "One to One' Utility. <br />
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Data has not yet been collected from GedMatch Genesis.<br />
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<b>Multiple Relationships?</b><br />
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I should note that if the Brinegar ladies are sisters (not yet confirmed), then the closest relationship between T103xxx and T611xxx would be at the 3rd cousin level (5th cousins by Ham, and 3rd cousins by Brinegar). Also, T611xxx and A658xxx also be 5th cousins and 3rd cousins in the same manner. It is possible that the Brinegar ladies are cousins, instead of sisters.<br />
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Which means, these relationships will not be clear until each segment can be verified at their starting and ending locations from multiple kits, as well as more documentation in some cases. We would want to see "who else" matches at the same starting and ending locations.<br />
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Therefore, the variation in error reported may be different than it now appears. For example, the sums could work out better if the Eldridge and Brinegar lines were better known.<br />
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It could also mean that FTDNA is not picking up 3rd cousins using the autosomal DNA either.<br />
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Of those participating in the tiny autosomal study, we have similar starting and ending locations, and for the most part, the same size. However, they are not yet matching exactly:<br />
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Kit #1 Kit #2 Chr Start End cMs SNPs<br />
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A561xxx A832xxx 20 55,600,000 60,800,000 19.9 1750<br />
A438xxx A832xxx 20 55,900,000 57,900,000 6.2 640<br />
A658xxx T074xxx 20 56,700,000 58,400,000 5.9 563<br />
T103xxx T611xxx 20 57,500,000 59,000,000 6.7 511<br />
T133xxx T368xxx 20 59,200,000 60,700,000 6 505<br />
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Which is an indication that we have the same ancestor in common at about the 5th cousin level. So, they do not yet exactly triangulate. More data should fill that in and confirm that "hint" by matching starting and ending locations much better. We will not know whether this is male or female with any confidence until we can fill in the gaps in order to see if another surname fits there.<br />
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The Half Life equation would put the 19.9 cM segment at about the 3.8 cousin level, but because we have older 'almost matches' in our common surname study, we may presume that the area already existed previously at about the 5th cousin level.<br />
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For those of you in the Group #1 "Tiny Segment Study," that is the reason I sent out the spreadsheets at about the end of October. In order to view that, see:<br />
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"Spreadsheet_Combine_All_at_GEDMatch_Output_ByChr_101818"<br />
<b><br />Ancient DNA?</b><br />
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Of the 9 kits in the listing above, it looks like brother and sister A561xxx and A832xxx have attached an "Excess IBD" to the older segment, which appears to fill in for all. This would make it an apparent "recombination." This is not a known "Excess IBD" area, so this is more likely be due to either a "persistent" ancient DNA segment, or due to endogamy at the 4th cousin level. You might notice that the RATIO of SNPs/cMs for all of the 9 kits is less than 100, when the largest segment between mother and son has a RATIO at about 200 (except for out 23andMe data). I usually suspect ancient DNA when the ratio falls below 200. Chromosome 20 ratio using maximum cMs and SNPs is about 155.<br />
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I should note here that FTDNA and GedMatch has a match between T611xxx and T133xxx at a different location entirely (45,000,000 to 49,000,000 at 6.8 cMs to 8 cMs).<br />
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Of the above 9 kits, they have:<br />
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A438xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
A561xxx Most Common Ancestor from NC? d: 1858 Hickman, Arkansas<br />
A832xxx Most Common Ancestor from NC? d: 1858 Hickman, Arkansas<br />
A658xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
T074xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
T103xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
T133xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
T368xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Patrick County, Virginia<br />
T611xxx Most Common Ancestor is from Ashe County, NC / Grayson County, VA<br />
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<b>Shared cM Project</b><br />
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Sum of segments have been included for comparison with the Shared cM Project.<br />
Here, the sums are not compatible with the Shared cM Project, mainly due to the difference in parameters (for example: 250 SNPs, Bunching Limit of 100 SNPs, and minimum 1 cM).<br />
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Here, sums by themselves are not a good indicator of (distant) relationships.<br />
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Updated Feb 7, 2019 to indicate that Wendell and Dave would be 5C1R via Levi Ham, instead of 6th cousin.<br />
<b><br />Further Reading:</b><br />
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"Autosomal DNA Half Life Equation" Ham Country blog<br />
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<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html</a><br />
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<b>"Spreadsheet_Combine_All_at_GEDMatch_Output_ByChr_101818"</b> sent to participants in this study by Dave Hamm<br />
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"Visualizing Data From the Shared cM Project" by The Genetic Genealogist<br />
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<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/05/29/visualizing-data-from-the-shared-cm-project/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/05/29/visualizing-data-from-the-shared-cm-project/</a><br />
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"The Shared cM Project – An Update" by The Genetic Genealogist<br />
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<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/05/25/the-shared-cm-project-an-update/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/05/25/the-shared-cm-project-an-update/</a><br />
"The Shared cM Project –Version3.0(August 2017)" by Blaine T. Bettinger<br />
(PDF file)<br />
<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Shared_cM_Project_2017.pdf" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Shared_cM_Project_2017.pdf</a><br />
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"Collecting Sharing Information for Known Relationships (Part 1)" The Genetic Genealogist<br />
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<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/03/04/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/03/04/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships</a>/<br />
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"Collecting Sharing Information for Known Relationships – Part II" The Genetic Genealogist<br />
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<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/04/06/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships-part-ii/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2015/04/06/collecting-sharing-information-for-known-relationships-part-ii/</a><br />
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<b><br />Articles on Triangulation of segments by Starting and Ending Locations:</b><br />
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"A Study Utilizing Small Segment Matching" by Roberta Estes at DNAeXplained<br />
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<a href="https://dna-explained.com/2015/01/21/a-study-utilizing-small-segment-matching/" target="_blank">https://dna-explained.com/2015/01/21/a-study-utilizing-small-segment-matching/</a><br />
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"A Triangulation Intervention" The Genetic Genealogist<br />
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<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2016/06/19/a-triangulation-intervention/" target="_blank">https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2016/06/19/a-triangulation-intervention/</a><br />
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More Information for HAM DNA Group #1 at HAM Country:<br />
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<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_DNA_Group001.html" target="_blank">http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_DNA_Group001.html</a><br />
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-46101139256357836222018-09-20T05:32:00.001-04:002019-05-16T15:13:40.442-04:00Ancient DNA Clovis Anzick and HAM DNA Group #1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ancient DNA Clovis Anzick and HAM DNA Group #1</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br />Because of the destroyed or missing records in Virginia, I had been working on the autosomal Half Life equation in order to tie our group to Somerset by use of autosomal DNA. Previously, we had seen that two kits from Somerset, England are a match to HAM DNA Group #1 (I1-M253).<br /><br />I has recently noticed that the Half Life equation was throwing off errors, or variation from what one would expect to see from the <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">Half Life equation</a>. This was particularly troublesome when the SNP density ratio was between 1.0 and 1.5 where RATIO = SNPs/(100*cMs).<br /><br />So, when I ran across an article on Ancient DNA by Roberta Estes, I became curious as to what the half Life equation might look like when used on Ancient DNA. <br /><br />"<a href="https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/23/analyzing-the-native-american-clovis-anzick-ancient-results/" target="_blank">Analyzing the Native American Clovis Anzick Ancient Results</a>" DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy<br /><br /><br />Roberta had been talking to Felix Chandrakamur about the Clovis results that had been uploaded to GEDMatch, and Roberta had noticed that the Clovis upload was matching living people. She had found 1466 matches to Clovis at GEDMatch above the 7 cM level.<br /><br />This is a stunning result. For a little background on the Half Life equation, you can find it's limit by plugging "1 cM," which shows that the equation is built to display a result of about 8th cousin level (or 9 generations) for a shared segment of 1 cM in size.<br /><br /> Half Life = - LN(1/281.5)/.693147</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /> Half Life = 8.1 <br /><br />For the 11th cousin level, it needs a segment size of 0.1 cMs.<br /><br />Clearly, if the Clovis sample is 12,500 years old and is matching living people at 7 cMs and above, then the Half Life equation is useless in it's current form. <br /><br />Now, the usual argument might be that these Clovis samples are Identical by State (IBS), and not Identical by Descent (IBD). For example, the current ISOGG statistics show that the smallest shared segment equivalent to 5th cousins is 3.32 cMs.<br /><br />See:<br /><br />"<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics" target="_blank">Autosomal DNA statistics</a>" at ISOGG<br /><br /><br />Or see also:<br /><br />"<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Cousin_statistics" target="_blank">Cousin statistics</a>" at ISOGG<br /><br /><br />See the scientific paper for the expected (i.e., theoretical) number of cMs at the 5th cousin level:<br /><br />"<a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034267" target="_blank">Cryptic Distant Relatives Are Common in Both Isolated and Cosmopolitan Genetic Samples</a>" </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJ74DR_QJblnHqWRyWZK5xfaPkfKp8vQbqGonrGY_qcprGoFXIgdMNNLLQOnOum_7ke8jWs0G6EvZzhW-kXxsR_UFInvk9nm8TFTG1RxJG-yhMa3lm7QGehrX3Ld1YLnPWzoaWyvk5e8/s1600/Table2_Cryptic+Distant+Relatives+Are+Common+in+Both+Isolated+and+Cosmopolitan+Genetic+Samples.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1600" height="164" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJ74DR_QJblnHqWRyWZK5xfaPkfKp8vQbqGonrGY_qcprGoFXIgdMNNLLQOnOum_7ke8jWs0G6EvZzhW-kXxsR_UFInvk9nm8TFTG1RxJG-yhMa3lm7QGehrX3Ld1YLnPWzoaWyvk5e8/s320/Table2_Cryptic+Distant+Relatives+Are+Common+in+Both+Isolated+and+Cosmopolitan+Genetic+Samples.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Table 1. Expected extent of IBD and number of cousins for 1st–10th degrees of cousinship.<br /><br />https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034267.t002</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br />Also, it is instructive to note that a good quality 10 cM segment was extracted from the Altai Neanderthal who lived 50,000 years ago in Siberia.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> - see "The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains"<br />https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>"To estimate the extent of their relatedness, we scanned the genome for 1Mb regions where most non-overlapping 50-kb-windows were devoid of heterozygous sites and merged adjacent regions (SI 10). The Neandertal genome has 20 such regions longer than 10cM whereas the Denisovan genome has one."<br /><br />Finally, Roberta Estes wrote an article regarding possible sampling errors, due to the nature of conversion for upload to GEDMatch. The basic concern appears to be "No-Call" rates:<br /><br />"<a href="https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/30/ancient-dna-matching-a-cautionary-tale/" target="_blank">Ancient DNA Matching – A Cautionary Tale</a>" DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy, by Roberta Estes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Roberta also explains that subsequent comparisons do not match previous comparisons. I have seen that with GEDMatch data, particularly when he changes versions of the 'One to One' Utility (which is now at version 2.1.1(c). I have had to re-work the data for Group #1 several times over the years, just to keep the data consistent with the current version of the GEDMatch 'One to One' Utility.</span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Also note that these Clovis segments for kit </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">F999919 </span>match to 12 cMs on living Native Americans.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />With that, the first thing I wanted to know was to take a look at the SNP density RATIO for the Clovis comparisons. How do ancient Clovis segments compare with SNP density RATIO, and do these ancient segments also throw off variations from the Half Life equations?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">RATIO = SNPs/(100*cMs)</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I took a look at hr matching segments for HAM DNA Group #1, plus our 'control group' kit, Arnold (22 kits). I found that out of the seven largest segments matching Clovis, all but five had a RATIO of less than 2.0, or about 3.2%.<br /><br />To put that into perspective, 7 x 22 = 154 segments<br /><br /> 5 segments/154 segments = 3.2% <br /><br />That means, for our sample (the Ancient Clovis DNA matching shared segments), 97% have an SNP density RATIO of less than 2.0<br /><br />Among the Clovis shared segments for the group, there are about 8% that are in 'Excess IBD' regions.<br /><br />Below is a summary table of the results.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidNzjxYKahnVShKSo2LX-ZlUHl7IznCkfLC24ghP9cgRF8sHixizaxTc15vI2Be2AUZaAkVTCrzB08qEBnJnCoo0U_gWLneBS4Z2XmOGp2k45SByJTPL59ytBAUmUnGTkEJMf6mGfY8M0/s1600/Clovis_Largest_Shared_Segment_and_HAM_DNA_Group01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="1600" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidNzjxYKahnVShKSo2LX-ZlUHl7IznCkfLC24ghP9cgRF8sHixizaxTc15vI2Be2AUZaAkVTCrzB08qEBnJnCoo0U_gWLneBS4Z2XmOGp2k45SByJTPL59ytBAUmUnGTkEJMf6mGfY8M0/s320/Clovis_Largest_Shared_Segment_and_HAM_DNA_Group01.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clovis Largest Shared Segment and HAM DNA Group01</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The kit in HAM DNA Group #1 with the <b>largest </b>matching segment to Clovis:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> A404xxx at 5.9 cMs<br /><br />- Kits with matching Clovis segments with the largest matching <b>starting and/or ending locations</b>:<br /><br /> Clovis Kit Chr Start Location End Location cMs SNPs<br /><br /> F99919 and T074xxx 1 1,751,874 3,003,550 4.2 261<br /><br /> F99919 and T133xxx 1 1,751,874 3,003,550 4.2 258<br /><br /> F99919 and T630xxx 9 38,523,004 70,819,104 4.0 286<br /><br /> F99919 and T682xxx 9 38,694,680 70,536,108 3.4 148<br /><br /> F99919 and A561xxx 12 11,840,131 12,861,007 3.8 347<br /><br /> F99919 and A832xxx 12 11,840,131 12,861,007 3.8 350<br /><br /> F99919 and A438xxx 17 13,813,353 14,461,941 3.6 251<br /><br /> F99919 and T368xxx 17 13,785,798 14,618,990 4.7 354<br /><br /> F99919 and A984xxx 19 8,282,431 9,460,034 4.2 292<br /><br /> F99919 and T611xxx 19 8,214,446 9,934,324 5.5 401<br /><br />I would think that these matching Clovis segments would imply a Native American ancestor for the above kits (Amelia County, Ashe County, and the Arkansas lines).<br /><br />This also implies that if kit A171xxx (of Somerset) does not have a Native American ancestor, then the timeline to connection could be considerably further back in time and may have an impact upon how the Half Life equation should function.<br /><br />For example, a person in Somerset with a documented line may have a very small chance of having a Native American ancestor. A Clovis match would push the age back at least 12,500 years, much more than the 9 generations from the current 1 cM limit of the Half Life equation. <br /><br />Sample Location GEDMatch Sex Y-DNA Mt-DNA Approx. Age by authors </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.fc.id.au/p/about_24.html">Felix Chandrakumar</a> Analysis or Comments<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clovis-Anzick-1 Montana, North America F999919 M Q-Z780 D4h3a 12,500 years Matches Living people.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.y-str.org/2014/09/clovis-anzick-dna.html">http://www.y-str.org/2014/09/clovis-anzick-dna.html</a><br /><br /><br /><b><br />References:</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"<a href="https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/23/analyzing-the-native-american-clovis-anzick-ancient-results/" target="_blank">Analyzing the Native American Clovis Anzick Ancient Results</a>" DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy, Roberta Estes<br /><br />https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/23/analyzing-the-native-american-clovis-anzick-ancient-results/</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"<a href="https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/30/ancient-dna-matching-a-cautionary-tale/" target="_blank">Ancient DNA Matching – A Cautionary Tale</a>" DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy, by Roberta Estes<br /> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://dna-explained.com/2014/09/30/ancient-dna-matching-a-cautionary-tale/</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"<a href="https://nativeheritageproject.com/2014/09/25/matching-dna-of-living-native-descendants-to-dna-of-native-ancestors/" target="_blank">Matching DNA of Living Native Descendants to DNA of Native Ancestors</a>" </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://nativeheritageproject.com/2014/09/25/matching-dna-of-living-native-descendants-to-dna-of-native-ancestors/</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />"<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics" target="_blank">Autosomal DNA statistics</a>"<br />https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics<br /><br />Or see also:<br /><br />"<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Cousin_statistics" target="_blank">Cousin statistics</a>"<br />https://isogg.org/wiki/Cousin_statistics<br /><br />The scientific paper for the expected (i.e., theoretical) number of cMs at the 5th cousin level:<br /><br />"<a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034267" target="_blank">Cryptic Distant Relatives Are Common in Both Isolated and Cosmopolitan Genetic Samples</a>"<br /><br />https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034267 </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> </span><br /><a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">GEDMatch</a> John Olson depends upon financial contributions.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clovis-Anzick-1 Montana, North America F999919 M Q-Z780 D4h3a 12,500 years Matches Living people.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.y-str.org/2014/09/clovis-anzick-dna.html">http://www.y-str.org/2014/09/clovis-anzick-dna.html</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">Autosomal DNA Half Life Equation</a><br />http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html</span><br />
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-42169940718562920552018-05-04T03:00:00.002-04:002018-05-04T10:11:03.782-04:00Y-DNA STR Genetic Distance And The Probability of Error<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div align="center" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<h2>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><b>Y-DNA
STR Genetic Distance And The Probability of Error</b></span></span></span></h2>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">A
Brief Review of HAM DNA Group #1</span></h3>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">This
topics is in regard to whether or not Y-DNA is an adequate predictor
of relationships. That is, are DNA matches using Y-DNA a good
indicator of close relationships at up to 111 markers?</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>“<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Genetic
Distance” is a term used to show how well the DNA matches when
compared to another person. Which is to say, what a perfect “match”
at 111 Y-DNA STR markers should be. Genetic Genealogists generally
want to associate Genetic Distance with how closely related the
lineages may be. Genetic Distance combined with the concept of Time
to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) should deliver an indication
of when the lines converge.</span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWjvD_jG1qBMt5m5N7gI0NWKZmOi8xloEjJpHwFa8PT5-Qkj5p8LutEPVcIrVjeX2Yh53HbFdjzzICS-PMiGrRxAP9sXYNGTZO9z92fv3kLz7oJgOduc6-fLIMCa6ZVYKgNy_0LQ10SRY/s1600/HAM_DNA_TMRCA_McGee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="188" data-original-width="307" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWjvD_jG1qBMt5m5N7gI0NWKZmOi8xloEjJpHwFa8PT5-Qkj5p8LutEPVcIrVjeX2Yh53HbFdjzzICS-PMiGrRxAP9sXYNGTZO9z92fv3kLz7oJgOduc6-fLIMCa6ZVYKgNy_0LQ10SRY/s1600/HAM_DNA_TMRCA_McGee.jpg" /></a></div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">However,
projects are finding that Genetic Distance for Y-DNA STRs are not a
good indication of how closely related two individuals may be. In
many cases, it does provide a fairly reliable account of surname
history.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">This
article is written because it came as a surprise to me when a certain
FaceBook group apparently censored my comments regarding The Genetic
Distance for Y-DNA. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">That is, the "Y-DNA - Applied Genealogy & Paternal Origins" group on FaceBook.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I wanted to address what Genetic Distance
means in terms a beginner could understand, as we had a little bit of
a conversation about it.</span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Another FaceBook Group had also censored my
comments regard the DNA analysis by Law Enforcement in the recent
“Golden State Killer.” </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">To review a few Genetic Distance examples, my line has the following figures regarding Genetic
Distance.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="cch_f1f187bd948846"></a>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">This first group connects at circa
1755 from Grayson County, Virginia. The values below are the Genetic
Distance to me:<br />
<br />
Jimmy 5th cousin, once removed GD 0 -
111 markers<br />
Julian 5th cousin GD 1 - 37 markers<br />
Gene
5th cousin GD 4 - 37 markers<br />
Bill 5th cousin GD 2 - 37
markers<br />
Steven 5th cousin GD 0 - 12 markers<br />
Brick 5th
cousin GD 0 - 67 markers</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Most listed above descend from John Ham (1780-1850) of Grayson County, Virginia:</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Julian
and Jimmy are 3<sup>rd</sup> cousins and have a Genetic Distance of
1 on 37 markers.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Steven
and Bill are 3<sup>rd</sup> cousins, with a Genetic Distance of 1 on
12 markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Gene
is 4<sup>th</sup> cousin to Jimmy with a Genetic Distance of 4 on 37
markers</span></b><br />
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Gene
is 4<sup>th</sup> cousin to Julian with a Genetic Distance of 4 on 37
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Gene
is 4<sup>th</sup> cousin to Bill with a Genetic Distance of 5 on 37
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Gene
is 4<sup>th</sup> cousin to Steven with a Genetic Distance of 0 on 12
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is about 5<sup>th</sup> cousin from everybody else above, as he
descends from Thomas HAM of Ashe County, NC (1795-1865)</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is 5<sup>th</sup> cousin to Jimmy with a Genetic Distance of 0 on 67
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is 5<sup>th</sup> cousin to Julian with a Genetic Distance of 1 on 37
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is 5<sup>th</sup> cousin to Gene with a Genetic Distance of 4 on 37
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is 5<sup>th</sup> cousin to Bill with a Genetic Distance of 2 on 37
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick
is 5<sup>th</sup> cousin to Steven with a Genetic Distance of 0 on 12
markers</span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Brick is 5th cousin to Dave, as </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">previously </span>mentioned. </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">At
Greater Than 5th cousin level (to me), the following three have a
line are from another geographic areas, Franklin County, North
Carolina, and connect to the above prior to 1755:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Marvin
Greater Than 5th cousin GD 5 - 111 markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Leonard
GT 5th cousin GD 4 - 37 markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">James
GT 5th cousin GD 2 - 37 markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">That
is, James from a completely different line has a Genetic Distance “as
close” or closer than two of my actual 5th cousins. The three above
are from the same Franklin County line.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Above,
between themselves, Marvin & Leonard have a Genetic Distance of 1
on 37 markers.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Between
Marvin & James, they have a Genetic Distance of 1 on 37 markers.</span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Marvin and Leonard descend from Robert Solomon Ham, and appear to be
about 2<sup>nd</sup> cousins. James descends from Francis (Frank)
James Hamm, and appears to be about 3<sup>rd</sup> cousin to Marvin
and Leonard.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Continuing
on with the Genetic Distance to me:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Jon
GT 6th cousin (Somerset, England) GD 5 - 111
markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Tony
GT 5<sup>th</sup> cousin (Somerset, England) GD 1
- 37 markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">[Tony
and Jon have a Genetic Distance of 3 between the two of them.]</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Tony
has a Most Recent Common Ancestor in England and has a closer Genetic
Distance to me than at least three of my 5<sup>th</sup> cousins,
although we know Tony has to relate further back, as my line has been
in this country prior to 1783, and and Tony’s genealogical information
shows no connection (Tony’s line arrived in the U.S. circa 1850).</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Michael
Gene Greater Than 5th cousin (Patrick County, Virginia) &
myself have a GD 2 on 111 markers.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">That
is, Michael Gene is from a completely different line from a different
geographic area and has a closer Genetic Distance than two of my 5th
cousins (at 111 markers), but we know that we must relate further
back than 5<sup>th</sup> cousins from the genealogical information.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Occasionally,
FTDNA has made changes that has these values jump around a bit. At
one time, FTDNA had Michael Gene and I at a Genetic Distance of one on
111 markers.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
<a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-111-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/" target="_blank">guidance given by Family Tree DNA on 111 markers</a> says that at 50% confidence
level, an exact match on 111 markers should be within 2 generations.
That is, 2 generations or less. Obviously, if I am an exact match to
my 5<sup>th</sup> cousin Jimmy at 111 markers, then we certainly do
NOT want to use 50% confidence levels.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Fortunately,
FTDNA provides other confidence levels for 111 markers: 90%, 95%, and
99%.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The
90% level also fails for the GD of zero between my 5<sup>th</sup>
cousin Jimmy and myself. At 90% confidence level, the table says that
Jimmy & I should be 4<sup>th</sup> cousins or less. </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">It
is only when we reach the 95% or 99% confidence level that FTDNA
returns a valid TMRCA for Genetic Distance of 0 on 111 markers of at
least 5 generations. Since we are 5<sup>th</sup> cousins, Jimmy and I
would be the 6<sup>th</sup> generation, meaning only the 99%
confidence level actually meets that criteria.</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">If you are using Dean McGee's Y-Utility, you will want to use the highest probability for general purpose use. </span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Anybody
looking at Genetic Distance should be thinking in terms of “X”
generations OR LESS. For example, I typically refer to an exact
match at 37 markers as “Any time after 1600,” as Ron Blevins has
reported seeing that in his project.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Another
genetic genealogist has also mentioned how unreliable Genetic
Distance may be in determining relationships is Jim Owston in his
2014 article “<a href="http://linealarboretum.blogspot.com/2014/06/is-genetic-distance-adequate-predictor.html" target="_blank">Is Genetic Distance an Adequate Predictor of Relationships?</a>”
(Updated Jan 23, 2018)<br />
<br />
Jim Owston mentions:<br />
<br />
“Therefore,
it is unlikely that two people with a GD=4 are close relatives;
however, a GD=0 could represent numerous relationships from very
close relatives to those who are very distant, as a genetic distance
of zero is all over the road.”</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Jim
Owston has information back to 13<sup>th</sup> cousins, where 12<sup>th</sup>
cousins or more are estimated. </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">We
have few in the HAM DNA Project that can claim accurate documentation
that far back. However, the Grayson County group does have a similar
number of known 5<sup>th</sup> cousins who have tested with the
Y-DNA. </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In
comparison, Jim Owston lists roughly eight 5<sup>th</sup> cousins
listed, and I list roughly eleven 5<sup>th</sup> cousins
relationships above, among 7 kits. Jim has roughly eleven 4<sup>th</sup>
cousins listed, and I have five 4<sup>th</sup> cousin relationships
listed above. Otherwise, Jim Owston has multiple dozens of
relationships listed at 8<sup>th</sup> cousins or more.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Jim
Owston now has 253 relationships 43 markers and 153 relationships at 37
markers on record, compared to 59 kits in the HAM DNA Project, and 17
autosomal kits in the HAM DNA Group #1 study. I do not know off hand how many
relationships that represents for the HAM Group #1, but a reasonable
guess would be roughly two dozen. Tiny in comparison Jim Owston.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In
an effort to obtain a better TMRCA, Jim Owston is considering a study
of the BigY results (the <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/products">BigY-500
product</a> provides over 500 STRs, and is largely based on SNPs). </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">For
an improved TMRCA, I have been looking at autosomal results. There
are 16 kits in Group #1 now participating in the autosomal study,
with at least 7 kits from the Grayson County line. My initial
autosomal DNA studies indicate that the autosomal DNA may deliver
better TMRCA results than does up to 111 Y-DNA STR markers. </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">However,
for the autosomal DNA, the immediate issues include the apparent
removal of “Excess IBD” segments from GEDMatch reports, vendor
conversion issues (such as 23andMe conversion issues), or slight
differences in starting locations when compared to the vendor, and
‘How To’ verify data that falls below the vendor’s lowest
threshhold, privacy issues, etc. It is not yet known if the autosomal
DNA will hold up any accuracy when taken to the 13<sup>th</sup>
cousin level that Jim Owston has in his study. According to the
Autosomal Half Life Equation, the threshholds would have to be taken
down to about 0.01 cMs in order to deliver 14<sup>th</sup> cousin
relationships. GEDMatch cannot bet set lower than 1 cM (about 8<sup>th</sup>
or 9<sup>th</sup> cousin level, according to the Half Life Equation).
If concepts such as the “<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_Match.html" target="_blank">EndogamyFactor</a>” could be considered to be a valid evaluation, then
perhaps the lowest 1 cM threshhold at GEDMatch may deliver results
even further back than 9<sup>th</sup> cousin.</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Related
Topics:</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Y-DNA
Mutation Rates – A Case Study</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2008/06/y-dna-mutation-rates-case-study.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2008/06/y-dna-mutation-rates-case-study.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Y-DNA
Project Grouping with Genetic Distance </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2009/04/y-dna-project-grouping-with-genetic.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2009/04/y-dna-project-grouping-with-genetic.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Tree
Building for Y-DNA Surname Projects</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2009/03/tree-building-for-y-dna-surname.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2009/03/tree-building-for-y-dna-surname.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">HAM
DNA Output From Dean McGee’s Y-DNA Utility</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html" target="_blank">http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Is
Genetic Distance an Adequate Predictor of Relationships?</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://linealarboretum.blogspot.com/2014/06/is-genetic-distance-adequate-predictor.html" target="_blank">http://linealarboretum.blogspot.com/2014/06/is-genetic-distance-adequate-predictor.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Autosomal
Small Segment Triangulation HAM DNA Group #1</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Autosomal
Small Segment Phylogenetic Tree </span></b>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2017/12/autosomal-small-segmet-phylogenetic-tree.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2017/12/autosomal-small-segmet-phylogenetic-tree.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Autosomal
DNA Half Life Equation</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">FTDNA's
Interpreting Genetic Distance for 37 Markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-37-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/" target="_blank">https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-37-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">FTDNA's
Interpreting Genetic Distance for 67 Markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-67-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/" target="_blank">https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-67-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">FTDNA's
Interpreting Genetic Distance for 111 Markers</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-111-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/" target="_blank">https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/y-dna-testing/y-str/two-men-share-surname-genetic-distance-111-y-chromosome-str-markers-interpreted/</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">FTDNA
BigY-500 product</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/products" target="_blank">https://www.familytreedna.com/products</a></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">GEDMatch</span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">https://www.gedmatch.com</a></span></b></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-4688934414822157772018-02-01T14:37:00.001-05:002018-12-20T08:43:54.854-05:00Autosomal DNA Half Life Equation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Autosomal DNA Half Life Equation</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Feb 1, 2018</b></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><b>In the <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2017/12/autosomal-small-segmet-phylogenetic-tree.html" target="_blank">previous article</a>, I had talked about creating a phylogenetic tree for autosomal data.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><b> </b></span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><b>Andrew Millard suggested that because the Genetic Distance
value of 1/cMs is not linear, I might try an exponential
equation of the form -ln(cm/7200).</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><b><br />
</b><b>That formula suggestion was tried that, and I was not real
happy with the results. The Genetic Distance did not correspond
well to cousin level, and the upper limit for data greater than
1 cM appeared to be about 8 (generations), even for the results
for Lauren Shutt (M804xxx), who was not even a match to the group.</b><b><br />
</b><b><br />
Andrew had also suggested that I do not use kitsch, but I have
not yet found different program that works with Genetic
Distance.<br />
<br />
</b><b>So, here, I have used the equation for the half life decay
rate, typically used in radioactive decay under the presumption
that we are looking at Half Identical Regions (HIRs). </b><b>The
results mostly returned the expected cousin level (or number of
generations).</b><b><br />
</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><br />
</span>
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: large;">Individual Segments:</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: small;"><br />
</span>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial";"> Hypothetical Genetic Distance derived from
half life decay rate: </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"> <span style="font-size: large;">Nt = No*e^kt </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">Solvng for t, Hypothetical Genetic
Distance for an individual segment is given as: </span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"> <span style="font-size: large;">t = -1*ln(cMs*.0035524)/0.693147 </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">where 'ln' is the natural log function. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">where '</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><b>F1234" would be the location in cMs on line (row) 1234.</b></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">The largest segment (i.e., most obvious)
for mother/child or parental half life calculations (for size
is initially at 281.5 cMs at current <a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">GEDMatch</a> parameters):</span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"> <span style="font-size: large;">a = 1/281.5 cMs = 0.0035524 </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">and for parent/child half life decay: </span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial";">k = ln(N0/Nt) = ln(1/2) = 0.693147</span></b></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">
</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Excel spreadsheet:</span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">For a spreadsheet, the equation for individual segments should be something like this:<br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">=-LN(F1234*0.0035524)/0.693147</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> - Where 'LN' is the natural log function </span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> - F1234 is the size of the segment in cMs in column "F" on line (row) 1234. </span></span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Comparison to 23AndMe data:</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The
default setting of 500 SNPs do not usually generate sufficient total
size for the vendor 23AndMe. Otherwise, the results will not be
compatible with the individual segment equation, and may generate poor
results. This is a GEDMatch vendor conversion issue. If you need to
compare kits from 23AndMe (kits Mxxxx at GEDMatch), I would suggest
lowering the SNP limit to 250 instead of the default 500 SNPs.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><b>Below is the link to the data and phylogenetic tree resulting from the use of the half life decay
rate calculations. Basically, an update to the previous article by applying the autosomal half life decay equation.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Article: <a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_Match.html" target="_blank">Autosomal Half Life Equation</a></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <span id="goog_396109647"></span><span id="goog_396109648"></span></b></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ_VEwyG_NuTvBmvsEd1QBHyFs8UsV4ivBnOO0Zjk1PUtvrO-F5zQ6uwhaqR0Mak3N3ccsKk3XjfORkAtzecZh_Mr00dlxN67t0fiFcDuE_hIgM2zfweXSC3M9n2w43UYjueyANewhD8Y/s1600/Exponential_Half_Life_Decay_Table_Screenshot_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1381" data-original-width="1600" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ_VEwyG_NuTvBmvsEd1QBHyFs8UsV4ivBnOO0Zjk1PUtvrO-F5zQ6uwhaqR0Mak3N3ccsKk3XjfORkAtzecZh_Mr00dlxN67t0fiFcDuE_hIgM2zfweXSC3M9n2w43UYjueyANewhD8Y/s320/Exponential_Half_Life_Decay_Table_Screenshot_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal Half Life Equation Largest Segment Table</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sxZVSCq_eTTPDbY8pVpsT5b9lq5OgiXf5LZrTVyjlyUMIiiWYLngUcFEjZMMEl695iAp_hZwefAOJsp9yJxZIdNtNZnJsPfmNGPpYZ2OUwEfiQ0GbQtV9rSRyQIU7wMHalYKvwGhyphenhyphen0A/s1600/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_EXP_Decay_Phylogenetic_Tree_013018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1091" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9sxZVSCq_eTTPDbY8pVpsT5b9lq5OgiXf5LZrTVyjlyUMIiiWYLngUcFEjZMMEl695iAp_hZwefAOJsp9yJxZIdNtNZnJsPfmNGPpYZ2OUwEfiQ0GbQtV9rSRyQIU7wMHalYKvwGhyphenhyphen0A/s320/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_EXP_Decay_Phylogenetic_Tree_013018.jpg" width="218" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal Half Life Equation Phylogenetic Tree</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">See below for more information about the "Endogamy Correction Factor." </span></span></span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Total SUMS in cMs:</span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">The <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics#Table" target="_blank">Total Sum of segments</a> (i.e., most obvious)
for mother/child or parental half life calculations (for size
is initially at about 3585 cMs at current <a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">GedMatch</a> thresholds*):</span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"> <span style="font-size: large;">a = 1/3585 cMs = 0.00027894 </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">and for parent/child half life decay: </span></b><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial";">k = ln(N0/Nt) = ln(1/2) = 0.693147</span></b></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">
</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Total Sums Excel spreadsheet:</span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";">For a spreadsheet, the equation for total sum of all segments should be something like this:<br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">=-LN(F1234*0.</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;">00027894</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;">)/0.693147</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> - Where 'LN' is the natural log function </span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"> - F1234 is the size of the segment in cMs in column "F" on line (row) 1234. </span></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>* You will need to modify the SNP limit and cMs to 1 cM in order to use the "Total SUM" version of the equation. I am not getting total sums consistent with this equation due to either:<br /><br />a) GEDMatch under reports matching segments. GEDMatch has apparently attempted to remove some "Excess IBD" areas, which will affect the total sum of segments.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>b) GEDMatch has a vendor conversion problem with vendor 23AndMe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>c) Therefore, I have not been able to adequately test the "Total SUM" version of the Half Life equation.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Two things that you should know when using Total SUMs:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /> a) The default setting of 500 SNPs do not usually generate sufficient total size for the vendor 23AndMe. Otherwise, the results will not be compatible with the individual segment equation, and may generate poor results. This is a GEDMatch vendor conversion issue. If you need to compare kits from 23AndMe (kit Mxxxx at GEDMatch), I would suggest lowering the SNP limit to 250 instead of the default 500 SNPs.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> b) The "Total SUM" natural log equation is not delivering adequate results from the data, as given by GEDMatch. By comparing my data from 2015 to today's data, it appears that GEDMatch has made an effort to NOT report some of the "Excess IBD" areas with the results. That will affect the Half Life equation for Total SUMs, because the sums are now under reported at GEDMatch.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>ISOGG message from CeCe Moore on Thu, Jun 10, 2010:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>"Hi All,<br /> I had a very fascinating interview with Bennett today and wanted to share something very important that I learned since I know it has been debated here quite a bit. I asked him about the reliability of using the combined smaller segments in "Total cMs" to predict relatedness. He stated that FTDNA only uses "Total cMs" for relationship predictions of 2nd cousin once removed and closer. From that point on, they only use the longest blocks to predict relationship. The "Total cMs" is only included in FF summaries because it was something that many people were interested in seeing.<br /> CeCe"</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span style="color: #0b5394;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Per Chromosome Maximum</b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The equation can be customized per chromosome by using the maximum value of centimorgans per chromosome. <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/CentiMorgan" target="_blank">Ann Turner has explained</a> that you can get this by comparison to yourself. This can be done programmatically. If you are not a whiz on a spreadsheet, you can create a column for these values for each chromosome, then refer the Half Life equation to the "max cMs" column, as such:</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>=-1*(LN(F5/J5))/LN(2)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>where F5 is the segment value in centimorgans in column F on line 5</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>and J is the maximum cMs on that chromosome in column J for line 5</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Chromosome FTDNA [A] GEDMatch [B} 23andMe [C] <br /><br /> 1 267.21 281.5 284<br /> 2 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 253.06 263.7 269<br /> 3 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 219.1 224.2 223<br /> 4 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 206.75 214.4 214<br /> 5 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 199.6 209.3 204<br /> 6 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 189.14 194.1 192<br /> 7 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 180.79 187.0 187<br /> 8 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 161.76 169.2 168<br /> 9 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 160.36 167.2 166<br />10 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 176.25 174.1 181<br />11 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 155.78 161.1 158<br />12 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 167.39 176.0 175<br />13 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 126.48 131.9 126<br />14 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 111.66 125.2 119<br />15 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 118.07 132.4 141<br />16 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 131.90 133.8 134<br />17 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 124.33 137.3 128<br />18 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 119.39 129.5 117<br />19 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 99.07 111.1 108<br />20 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 104.20 114.8 108<br />21 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 58.99 70.1 62.7<br />22 </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span> 53.03 79.1 72.7</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b> </b></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Warning: Chromosomes 21 and 22 have fairly low maximum values, and may require a different treatment because sizes can get large quickly, as in an 'Excess IBD' region or a 'Recombination' area. The idea with using individual chromosome maximum cMs is to apply it to all, then take the average.</b></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>NOTES: </b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The 23AndMe vendor does not generate sufficient results for a valid comparison in many instances. Currently, </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">23AndMe</span> will only generate one small segment, and does not supply enough information from vendor conversion for sites like GEDMatch to make a good comparison. Try lowering the limit for SNPs to 250 for the vendor 23AndMe.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Removal of the Excess IBD regions has about the same effect on individual segments as that of using the "Endogamy Correction Factor." Either will produce some error for various reasons. However, if the Excess IBD regions have been removed, then this will affect how the Total SUM version of Half Life equation works.</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>If you want to use the </b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>"Endogamy Correction Factor" on the excess IBD segments instead of removing them:</b></span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- <span style="color: blue;">Endogamy Correction Factor</span>: [(100*cMs)/SNPs] </span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> t = -1*ln[(cMs*.0035524*100*cMs)/SNPs]/0.693147 </span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">- for Size in cMs and number of SNPs </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> - for Size in cMs EQ 0: set to 11 for an
arbitrary upper limit </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></b>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 10/20/2018to include table of maximum cMs per chromosome.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 02/26/2018 arbitrary upper limit changed from 14 to 11, in order to avoid exponential results at the upper limit of phylogenetic trees.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 02/26/2018 to add the equation for total sums in cMs and link to reference table.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 02/17/2018 to add spreadsheet version of the equation.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 03/27/2018 to add SNP parameters for Total SUM calculation and a note about 23andMe problems.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 03/29/2018 Correct the reference regarding MyHeritage to 23AndMe (vendor indicated at GedMatch starting with an "M"). Note that Total SUMs is not giving adequate results. Added a quote from a public post by CeCe Moore from the ISOGG email list.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Updated 04/03/2018Corrected to report that GEDMatch does not report out "Total SUMs" properly, due to an apparent removal of Excess IBD regions. Included equation for "Endogamy Correction Factor."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">References:</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_DNA_Group001.html" target="_blank">HAM Group #1 Information</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_charts.html" target="_blank">HAM Y-DNA Project Phylogenetic Tree</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html" target="_blank">HAM Group #1 Initial Tiny Autosomal Segment Triad Study </a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics#Table" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">ISOGG Autosomal DNA statistics</span></span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"></span><br />
<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/CentiMorgan#cm_values_per_chromosome" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Maximum Values for Centimorgans</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/CentiMorgan#cm_values_per_chromosome" target="_blank">cM Values Per Chromosome</a> (table by Ann Turner)</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">GEDMatch</span></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"></span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://familytreedna.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">FamilyTreeDNA</span></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project Dean McGee's Utility output</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_Results.html" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project Y-DNA Results at HAM Country</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/ham-dna-project/dna-results" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project at FTDNA</a><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-49T2p-SyQ"><br />
How to Read HAM DNA Phylograms</a><span style="margin-left: 5px; margin: 0; padding: 0;"></span><span style="color: black;">
(video)</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div>
Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-84626052654926655752017-12-28T08:38:00.000-05:002018-04-04T12:37:26.420-04:00Autosomal Small Segment Phylogenetic Tree<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal Small Segment Phylogenetic Tree </span></span></span></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></h3>
<div class="post-header">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Small Segment Triangulation</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAM Y-DNA Group #1</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<br />
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Taking some inspiration from Dean McGee, I put together a phylogenetic tree of the HAM autosomal DNA, using tiny thresholds and the largest shared segments of these small segments. For this one, these are not triads, they are just the largest of the small shared segments.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Basically, the autosomal DNA testing companies set a low threshold,
meaning they usually do not show much beyond 5th cousins (for the
autosomal DNA). As most of you know the Y-DNA goes much further back.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">For <a href="http://familytreedna.com/" target="_blank">Family Tree DNA</a> and <a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">GEDMatch</a> the threshold is set at 7 cMs.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Folks in our HAM Y-DNA Group #1 upload their autosomal DNA to GEDMatch, and I have lowered the thresholds by using GEDMatch utilities. The results from the largest shared segments roughly follow the Y-DNA, except that the autosomal DNA has totally separated out the line of our William HAM, Sr. of Grayson County.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">For this study, I was not using triads, but simply the largest shared autosomal segments. Mostly from either FTDNA or Ancestry.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">We have enough participants from Grayson County to almost make out his
three sons (John HAM, William HAM, Jr. and Thomas HAM).</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">If you wand the mouse over the tables (following the link below), it should show the largest shared chromosome and location. For example, a wand over of the horizontal for A274xxx (Roxanne) and her largest segment for T133xxx (Mary Ann Talbott) it shows the largest shared segment to be:
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Chr Start Location End Location Centimorgans (cM)
12 123,996,713 130,079,716 24.2</span>
</span></span>
Moving the mouse to the right for A274xxx (Roxanne) andT074xxx (Wendell
Seaborne) it shows the largest shared segment to be:
<span style="color: #20124d;"><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="color: #0b5394;">Chr Start Location End Location Centimorgans (cM)
12 123,996,713 128,587,277 18.1</span>
</span></span>
Which is pretty much the same segment, meaning that Roxanne, Mary Ann,
and Wendell share the same largest tiny segment from the same ancestor.
The idea is to figure out which ancestor is at that location on that
chromosome. </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">We also see the LOVIN NPE appears to be out of the Amelia County, VA HAM line.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">We have no Y-DNA from Amelia County, just autosomal DNA. My guess is that his ancestor died in war and he was adopted. His line is more recently from Wayne
County, NC (from about 1800), and he does not match the Y-DNA of Wayne
County HAM lines.
Also, it looks like Amelia Co. and Patrick County, VA HAM lines split off from the Somerset HAM line earlier, and the Ashe County HAM line split from the Somerset HAM line later.</span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_Match.html" target="_blank">Group #1 Largest Shared Matches to Small Autosomal DNA Segments with Phylogenetic Tree</a></span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></b></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz65hqNS0ruEfDGWahMWOSq02l4aIfE_ECjI5bi5p-bbWRcz74lEhYYTaNuvayN7ECdqYcXZHCQ3V7T559zUIl0eUSHNu6x4WINzTzFzxacESRm2NPRVLwr_52L1AyhKDstYbcSYLZpOQ/s1600/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_Match_Phylogenetic_Tree_labelled_122717.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1516" data-original-width="1600" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz65hqNS0ruEfDGWahMWOSq02l4aIfE_ECjI5bi5p-bbWRcz74lEhYYTaNuvayN7ECdqYcXZHCQ3V7T559zUIl0eUSHNu6x4WINzTzFzxacESRm2NPRVLwr_52L1AyhKDstYbcSYLZpOQ/s320/HAM_Group01_atDNA_Largest_Shared_Match_Phylogenetic_Tree_labelled_122717.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #073763;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HAM Group 1 Autosomal DNA Phylogenetic Tree</span></b></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: #073763;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Update Jan 31, 2018:</span></span></b></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></span></pre>
<pre wrap=""><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #073763; font-size: small;"><b>The <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">exponential Half Life decay equation</a> for Genetic Distance in this article was updated to show the resulting Genetic Distance and phylogenetic tree. </b></span></span></pre>
</div>
<span style="color: #073763;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">References:</span></span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Autosomal DNA Half Life Equation</span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/Groups/HAM_DNA_Group001.html" target="_blank">HAM Group #1 Information</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_charts.html" target="_blank">HAM Y-DNA Project Phylogenetic Tree</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html" target="_blank">HAM Group #1 Initial Tiny Autosomal Segment Triad Study</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GedMatch </span></span></a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">FamilyTreeDNA </span></span></a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project Dean McGee's Utility output</a><br />
<br />
<a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_Results.html" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project Y-DNA Results at HAM Country</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/groups/ham-dna-project/dna-results" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project at FTDNA</a><br />
<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-49T2p-SyQ" target="_blank"> How to Read HAM DNA Phylograms</a><span style="color: black;">
(video)</span></span><br />
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-25080642693327201052015-09-16T06:26:00.000-04:002015-09-29T08:24:46.381-04:00Autosomal Small Segment Triangulation HAM DNA Group #1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Small Segment Triangulation</b></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #134f5c;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>HAM Y-DNA Group #1</b></span></span></span></div><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The main purpose of the paper was to provide instructions that will permit viewing matching autosomal shared segments when FTDNA does not provide that information. Further, the intent is to help analyze a Y-DNA Group for matching shared autosomal segments by direct comparison between three or more people. This was written for those who had problems finding autosomal matches and who were also participants in the Y-DNA project. It is meant to help with a problem when the Y-DNA indicates that you should have a match, but the autosomal DNA indicates no match. </span></div><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8IN3Go7mIx6clZYWTRjUlU2enM/view" target="_blank">https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8IN3Go7mIx6clZYWTRjUlU2enM/view</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2lYQT50IGBClIywAHhXywASbzNdkuCcxTUE1Cw4o_C3ndYDXveKoAvUtq7Nq4c_f8xilxTq_3g7iCt_SriufyFbKhChY99iRRjjLAL76gqqaGGmZdlG_k_w8P6BIl3ve1_uCSIWtFJBs/s1600/Small_Segment_Triangulation_Data_Table.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2lYQT50IGBClIywAHhXywASbzNdkuCcxTUE1Cw4o_C3ndYDXveKoAvUtq7Nq4c_f8xilxTq_3g7iCt_SriufyFbKhChY99iRRjjLAL76gqqaGGmZdlG_k_w8P6BIl3ve1_uCSIWtFJBs/s320/Small_Segment_Triangulation_Data_Table.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8IN3Go7mIx6clZYWTRjUlU2enM/view" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Screenshot of Autosomal Small Segment Triangulation </span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">See also:</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.academia.edu/11527470/Autosomal_DNA_and_the_Triangulation_of_Small_Segments_A_Statistical_Approach" target="_blank"><b><span itemprop="name">Autosomal DNA and the Triangulation of Small Segments: A Statistical Approach</span></b></a> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
"Table 5 shows a typical set of alleles... These alleles (AA and CC) may indicate a Mediterranean ethnicity. The probability of a one to one match on this segment being a false positive calculates to be 1 in 7 quadrillion."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Many 7 cM matches are SNP poor and under certain conditions will calculate as a false positive. There are many triangulated matches at 2.5 cM that confirm a relationship. Unfortunately, that relationship may be in the 7 to 14 generation range, making it difficult to determine the common ancestor. Triangulated small segment matching is very valuable in our research."</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="https://www.academia.edu/11281105/Minimum_Inherited_DNA_Segment_Size_and_the_Introduction_of_Familial_Autosomal_Haplotypes" target="_blank">Minimum Inherited DNA Segment Size and the Introduction of Familial Autosomal Haplotypes</a> by Michael R. Maglio </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Abstract </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The process of genetic inheritance is often over simplified, leading consumers of genetic tests to believe that the amount of DNA from distant ancestors becomes negligible. In fact, segments of DNA pass down through the generations intact. Naturally occurring cleavage sites allow for small segments to exist at recurring chromosomal locations. These small segments can be used as familial markers in an autosomal haplotype. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div><br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083094/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Maximum-likelihood estimation of recent shared ancestry (ERSA)</span></a><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Abstract</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Accurate estimation of recent shared ancestry is important for genetics, evolution, medicine, conservation biology, and forensics. Established methods estimate kinship accurately for first-degree through third-degree relatives. We demonstrate that chromosomal segments shared by two individuals due to identity by descent (IBD) provide much additional information about shared ancestry</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
<div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dna-explained.com/2015/01/21/a-study-utilizing-small-segment-matching/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A Study Utilizing Small Segment Matching</span></a></div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Now that we understand IBS, IBD, Phasing and how matching actually works on a case by case basis, let’s look at applying those same matching and IBS vs IBD guidelines to small data segments as well."</span></div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://dna-explained.com/2015/08/23/4-generation-inheritance-study/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">4 Generation Inheritance Study</span></a></div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"There is a lot more information available to us in our DNA results than is first apparent. It takes a bit of digging and you need to understand how <a href="http://dna-explained.com/2015/08/07/autosomal-dna-testing-101-what-now/" target="_blank">autosomal DNA works</a> in order to ferret out those secrets. Don’t discount or ignore evidence because it’s more difficult to use – meaning small segments. The very piece or breadcrumb you need to <a href="http://dna-explained.com/2014/11/27/sarah-hickerson-c1752-lost-ancestor-found-52-ancestors-48/" target="_blank">solve a long-standing mystery</a> may indeed be right there waiting for you. Learn how to use your DNA information effectively and accurately – including those small segments."</span></div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="entry-title" style="text-align: left;"></div><br />
</div>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-36656729690942553972015-05-04T19:36:00.001-04:002015-05-04T19:52:16.639-04:00Ham, Creech St. Michael, Somerset<!-- Facebook Share START --> <br />
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<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ham, Creech St. Michael, Somerset</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Jon Hamm has sent an email containing some local photographs of the village of Ham, near Creech St. Michael, Somerset. Jon is from East Brent, Somerset, and had previously sent pictures of St. Michael's Church in Brent Knoll, Somerset.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs1qxZKyJ0_TcCq4UUwmSYCtIbGt04ODcRWtWHvhQsgLpzdLNQ4T1PgCZsXi4bX7vyFPrNVbXztUgVO2PNrdn3SoXAc3bsLvjzc17fCEPXi1MrF-0b75YQOeld6q9D9m7xQVph6Sr75ec/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_00.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs1qxZKyJ0_TcCq4UUwmSYCtIbGt04ODcRWtWHvhQsgLpzdLNQ4T1PgCZsXi4bX7vyFPrNVbXztUgVO2PNrdn3SoXAc3bsLvjzc17fCEPXi1MrF-0b75YQOeld6q9D9m7xQVph6Sr75ec/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_00.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lane End Inn and Ham Road, Creech St. Michael, Somerset</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Creech St. Michael is in the vicinity of Taunton, and the use of the name was in use in 1244-45.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixflpV7EhREIW3HpWTohMZU8aR4_Hzlhk2td0oSPRk8bgKXjlJ9CDnc5X80-UYvG7I6FKr0BHKZwt410k-EBhDiVh9Kq_feGAbiui3h0iVQfuDiqhT4tTMhjTf1Zf-TAr_Y_6sglwZYRg/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixflpV7EhREIW3HpWTohMZU8aR4_Hzlhk2td0oSPRk8bgKXjlJ9CDnc5X80-UYvG7I6FKr0BHKZwt410k-EBhDiVh9Kq_feGAbiui3h0iVQfuDiqhT4tTMhjTf1Zf-TAr_Y_6sglwZYRg/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_01.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ham Bridge, near Creech St. Michael, Somerset</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5xUloAriF_50oef3eHFdPLu6fZfOTnxrNryfNVwMkWWnU6fxOnLQo7aHeol1AHEWhVGNdEcHwywv6x9_Hl1Sn1lr8ggYl343gYSUlXF3vARsOMxy_rMhn6XneX5W4Qjp6Wa-8LxD7djs/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5xUloAriF_50oef3eHFdPLu6fZfOTnxrNryfNVwMkWWnU6fxOnLQo7aHeol1AHEWhVGNdEcHwywv6x9_Hl1Sn1lr8ggYl343gYSUlXF3vARsOMxy_rMhn6XneX5W4Qjp6Wa-8LxD7djs/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_02.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ham, near Creech St. Michael - photos courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfsCaj3-0OK_lIkqe4OqRorpIjsbrDVSrPrT-uo8M2GvVhSi_q2iY-XciieLUggR5zfzUPPYeGcdOltiXOS4e2ImdKuJhiIjFJsboxoCC3B9yaxC122hdflUCWSukg3Z2Is0jLCDBTRvE/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_04.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfsCaj3-0OK_lIkqe4OqRorpIjsbrDVSrPrT-uo8M2GvVhSi_q2iY-XciieLUggR5zfzUPPYeGcdOltiXOS4e2ImdKuJhiIjFJsboxoCC3B9yaxC122hdflUCWSukg3Z2Is0jLCDBTRvE/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_04.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Village of Ham, near Creech St. Michael<br />
- photo courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7jM01tlkjakUkxE-HT5K1dfbGz_pBorRQuyGDwkGFgNij46L7tkD0Q78KMA09dj4JU0nOMtldt06dfJk6hJ8pYirKSsOyAwBGCeG9hX5XSVNQQfaYYnJOH15Y3Tr_mTZB3IEAgveBMQ0/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_08.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7jM01tlkjakUkxE-HT5K1dfbGz_pBorRQuyGDwkGFgNij46L7tkD0Q78KMA09dj4JU0nOMtldt06dfJk6hJ8pYirKSsOyAwBGCeG9hX5XSVNQQfaYYnJOH15Y3Tr_mTZB3IEAgveBMQ0/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_08.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">View of the Tone River from the Ham bridge.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOdagcHptoHblZVdqbeHvE_Eylt95odPq-aIT8fnVn_guYsarXOq48233hPqk_t3Jyi1BpgLLXns-txGvbg1IUtTo03GvluAf419kAmF_loaU3r3Nip9WlFtYyvMBjX-M7M0yUe0G3Y8/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_09.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaOdagcHptoHblZVdqbeHvE_Eylt95odPq-aIT8fnVn_guYsarXOq48233hPqk_t3Jyi1BpgLLXns-txGvbg1IUtTo03GvluAf419kAmF_loaU3r3Nip9WlFtYyvMBjX-M7M0yUe0G3Y8/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_09.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ham Wharf, near Creech St. Michael, Somerset</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcA4kxHOneWWwpNOmHvls6O66s9wOZNOeRSi1_12Tn21flYvm5ojc-aY-I4Y6E3VufL_7Msl8_lvy5b9nEnqmNHKWNfDylZZsiu9YzDD_ThGtlFV9Zbp449vy0HL7yiAKpO8qTXJhTk8/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLcA4kxHOneWWwpNOmHvls6O66s9wOZNOeRSi1_12Tn21flYvm5ojc-aY-I4Y6E3VufL_7Msl8_lvy5b9nEnqmNHKWNfDylZZsiu9YzDD_ThGtlFV9Zbp449vy0HL7yiAKpO8qTXJhTk8/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_10.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Corner of Ham Road and Lane End, Somerset</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYaRD9RXorakh26qvAr8wDut7RlrnZ4i0MrSYO5oY6agvuH5C_qAccL2dBxj2j0hAajykS3DXGEbMOlK9wznnqsfWF5EpBKiGCeI56uS76Skib7DsZkmjhaz8DSbQlXE1twvYZlcrBdY/s1600/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRYaRD9RXorakh26qvAr8wDut7RlrnZ4i0MrSYO5oY6agvuH5C_qAccL2dBxj2j0hAajykS3DXGEbMOlK9wznnqsfWF5EpBKiGCeI56uS76Skib7DsZkmjhaz8DSbQlXE1twvYZlcrBdY/s200/Ham_Creech_St_Michael_Somerset_Jon_Hamm_03.jpg" width="200" /> </a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ham village Orchard - photos courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent, Somerset</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6SepIOS5KZSabL10H7wHjzLF91erNvLWmxf3U01hVvxKwf6VAdfisDuuSxiR_9uo6yVxO0HCXjSLFEIhHAzv3nB5lrPPiFIEIyUvl9V8eoIlQ_W8Xc0Oi78wtlfRupxj6wfKBCe8aKHQ/s1600/Taunton_Ham_Village_near_Creech_St_Michael_1900_Jon_Hamm_041915.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6SepIOS5KZSabL10H7wHjzLF91erNvLWmxf3U01hVvxKwf6VAdfisDuuSxiR_9uo6yVxO0HCXjSLFEIhHAzv3nB5lrPPiFIEIyUvl9V8eoIlQ_W8Xc0Oi78wtlfRupxj6wfKBCe8aKHQ/s320/Taunton_Ham_Village_near_Creech_St_Michael_1900_Jon_Hamm_041915.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Map of the village of Ham, near Creech St. Micghael, <br />
Somerset circa 1900</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thanks should go out to Jon Hamm, for taking the time to photograph the Ham village. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I chose to put these pictures together into a You Tub Video, so that I could take the time to put together a presentation of the relevance of the Ham surname in the area of Taunton.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I hope that you enjoy the video.</span><br />
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<br />Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-36053086944090930892015-05-04T18:46:00.001-04:002018-02-22T15:14:51.989-05:00St. Michael, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: large;">St. Michael, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">Pictures provided courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent April 4th, 2015.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">These pictures were posted the the <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/HAM-Country/59961917479" target="_blank">HAM Country FaceBook page</a>.</span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD3o9hXO2C6TQytgbNuwvWQE2az3y21bHV9x7IOl9ixBv_529mm1AJ8rD47aIZy5nl2vvr4Ho6QPIALUkt7UZBRi2hR9zXwTyfhmcKyCP58VHDb_CAPdGMxB4AzFcakEUrCXguhlcUqho/s1600/St_Michael_Brent_Knoll+%2528South+Brent%2529+Somerset01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD3o9hXO2C6TQytgbNuwvWQE2az3y21bHV9x7IOl9ixBv_529mm1AJ8rD47aIZy5nl2vvr4Ho6QPIALUkt7UZBRi2hR9zXwTyfhmcKyCP58VHDb_CAPdGMxB4AzFcakEUrCXguhlcUqho/s320/St_Michael_Brent_Knoll+%2528South+Brent%2529+Somerset01.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">St. Michael Church, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset.</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">Pictures of St. Michael, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset.<br /> Pictures provided courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent April 4th, 2015.<br /> <br />
There has probably been a Christian church on this site for thirteen
hundred years, but the remains of a Norman church which are incorporated
in the fabric of the present building provide the earliest tangible
evidence we have; the arch with the typical zig-zag mouldin<span class="text_exposed_show">g
over the South Door, the twisted column surmounted by a large capital
at the east end of the North Aisle, and possibly the Early English
quatre-foil shaped font. The dedication to St. Michael is also probably a
relic of the Norman church, since it was a favorite dedication for
churches in Normandy at the time of the Conquest.<br /> <br /> From "wooden paddle in the church with a description of the building stuck onto it."</span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ipxoSwVnpyPaC7rClqF_2WgiVZvvRmd8JnMsIpBOyEm8SBTwaKjvWiWpDhbuKqh231lnFA-pV2uHfsDMI1RMj0BNBYMt7-5fGjkgGpDFo3x7_5ai5_GKBhx1lFhKgwnB4UuRZVSLhL0/s1600/St_Michael_Brent_Knoll+%2528South+Brent%2529+Somerset02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ipxoSwVnpyPaC7rClqF_2WgiVZvvRmd8JnMsIpBOyEm8SBTwaKjvWiWpDhbuKqh231lnFA-pV2uHfsDMI1RMj0BNBYMt7-5fGjkgGpDFo3x7_5ai5_GKBhx1lFhKgwnB4UuRZVSLhL0/s320/St_Michael_Brent_Knoll+%2528South+Brent%2529+Somerset02.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">St. Michael, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset</span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption">Pictures of St. Michael, Brent Knoll (South Brent), Somerset.<br /> Pictures provided courtesy of Jon Hamm, East Brent April 4th, 2015.<br /> <br /> THE TOWER<br /> <span class="text_exposed_show"><br />
The 75-foot high tower was added late in the 14th century. That some
time elapsed between the building of the nave and the building of the
tower is evident from the difference in texture and bonding of the
stonework seen on the outside.<br /> <br /> From "wooden paddle in the church with a description of the building stuck onto it."</span></span></span></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" id="fbPhotoSnowliftCaption" tabindex="0"><span class="hasCaption"> View all photos of St. Michael's Church from the <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/HAM-Country/59961917479" target="_blank">HAM Country FaceBook web page</a>.</span></span></span> <br />
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-81998155737417731472014-05-26T11:49:00.000-04:002014-05-26T12:18:17.810-04:00Family Finder Checklist <br />
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<span style="color: #274e13;"><big><big><b><span style="font-family: Arial;">Family Finder Checklist</span></b></big></big></span></div>
<span style="color: #274e13;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br />
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If you are new to Family Finder product from Family Tree DNA, here's a handy checklist that might help you move along a little more quickly.<br />
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I think the first thing that strikes Family Finder participants is the absolutely huge amount of work yet to be done. The second thing that strikes them is that although FTDNA will provide the data, along with some brief analysis and basic tools, the bulk of the data remains in uncharted territory.<br />
<br />
Because of the very large amount of work left yet to do, I would like to review what the goals are in DNA testing, and what it is that folks expect to get out of the testing. Then briefly review some of the things that can be obtained from the data that you may or may not have pursued.<br />
<br />
As for the goal of DNA research, there are a couple of things that I have noticed abut the DNA participants. For the most part, there are mainly three items that people are looking for: <br />
<br />
1) Information about their heritage. What, in general, can the DNA tell us about our ancestral origins?<br />
2) Is there any way that the DNA can confirm Native American heritage. Believe it or not, a lot of folks have asked me that question.<br />
3) Can the DNA confirm or deny relationships where no paper trail exists? For many, this is equivalent to getting beyond the end of the paper trail, which usually ends in a brick wall. For most, this is getting further back to their origins, but for some, this also means confirming a relationship when the paper trail just does not quite fit.<br />
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As with all DNA, the most important item is to find your matching DNA. For Y-DNA, this means finding your matching STR and SNP haplotype group. For mtDNA, this means finding your matching Full Genome Sequence haplotype group. For Family Finder, this means finding your matching Centimorgans and starting and ending locations.<br />
<br />
<b>It all starts with downloading your data.</b><br />
<br />
After you have checked out your genetic origins, what's next?<br />
<br />
Family Tree DNA provides a chromosome browser with limited functionality. Basically, it allows you to compare your autosomal results to about 5 other people in a browser that displays matching locations on the chromosome. However, when you have literally thousands of matching segments to sort out, this is of limited value. What you want to do first is download your data.<br />
<br />
There are two types of data to download from FTDNA. One is your raw results. The second is your matching chromosome browser results. You will want to download your raw data in order to use other utilities, such as uploading to <a href="http://gedmatch.com/">Gedmatch.com</a>, for example. You will also want to download all of your matching chromosome browser data so that you can work on matching DNA segments from a spreadsheet at home.<br />
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<b>Next Step: Upload your GEDCOM file.</b><br />
<br />
You will want to update your GEDCOM file for all of your lines, and upload the file to Family Tree DNA. This will be useful for people that match your chromosome segments for two main purposes. <br />
<br />
1) To determine which ancestor the matching segment applies to (or which it does not apply to), and <br />
2) To map the ancestor to your Master spreadsheet to in order to track your progress.<br />
<br />
<b>Use the Utilities on the Internet</b><br />
<br />
<b>DNAGedcom</b><br />
<br />
You will find it helpful to locate and sort matching data by chromosome, starting location, and size of matching segments (in CentiMorgans). The web site DNAGedcom will do this for you and can return the results in a nice graphical display. The results come in the form of HTML, which you can save off to your desktop at home. They also include data from 23andMe, so you get results from more than one vendor. Very useful in quickly locating areas to work on.<br />
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Once you have your autosomal data from Family Tree DNA, sign onto DNAGedcom and upload your data.<br />
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<a href="http://www.dnagedcom.com/" target="_blank"> http://www.dnagedcom.com/</a><br />
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You will want to run the "Autosomal Segment Analyzer" and start searching for common ancestrors by using the largest segments.<br />
Those that align along the diagonal should be recognizable common ancestors. You may notice that not all segments fall along the diagonal, and this may be an example of endogamous relationships, and will usually be difficult to track down.<br />
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Therefore, you want to focus on the largest matching segments along the diagonal.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="DNAGedcom Autosomal DNA Segment Analyzer" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvqNYH86xVLUgy9l9S5xDdOo9jKwcFxUM8yPqy64Nyp4wVYWRGZsfQNlg7DXJrMHajlAwXmBJfWDp49iRGc0qvTXILHsOkNbeogxPecK-y4AYnLHgaR1DvAFEVnf4of4SyXGIVevAaVsg/s1600/DNA_Gedcom_Autosomal_DNA_Segment_Analyzer_40777_matches_Chromosome6_Eample.jpg" height="401" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="DNAGedcom Autosomal DNA Segment Analyzer" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://dnagedcom.com/" target="_blank">DNAGedcom</a> Autosomal DNA Segment Analyzer</span></td></tr>
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<b>Gedmatch</b><br />
<br />
Also very helpful is the GedMatch web site. This web site does not provide the same sorting function that I like from DNAGedcom, but it gives me something else that DNAGedcom does not. In fact, it also provides utilities that FTDNA does not. By far, my favorite on this site is the 'Admixture' utilities. These utilities provide two views, one for 'Admixture Proportions,' and another for 'Admixture Chromosome Painting.'<br />
<br />
<a href="http://gedmatch.com/">http://gedmatch.com/</a><br />
<br />
The Admixture Proportions can approximate the proportions that you get from the National Genographic Project (minus the supporting information that Geno 2.0 provides). If you have not yet tested with Geno 2.0, ad would like a preview using your autosomal data from FTDNA, then it is worthwhile to take a look at this Gedmatch utility.<br />
<br />
But, what impresses me the most about Gedmatch is it's ability to pick up my Native American heritage (from the Family Finder data), whereas Family Tree DNA may not do this. Although you are using data from FTDNA, this utility can help you identify something about the heritage of your matching segments. I use the Admixture Chromosome Painting feature to map out the segments containing Native American heritage, and add a column on my Master spreadsheet so that I can identify matches that may contain Native American heritage.<br />
<br />
To briefly summarize, for me, the Family Finder product did not identify any Native American heritage at all, but Geno 2.0 shows me to have 2 % Native American. The Gedmatch utility has helped my break that down into Native American components: <br />
<br />
- Native American (i.e., Harrapaworld analysis says Oklahoma Cherokee)<br />
- Berigian, and <br />
- SouthEast Asian components. <br />
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Pretty sweet.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyj9DPWWVhzjA67k846ksWMPembaRR-GQsKKVUqAiBRhOrkTjoIyDXL9UokLoZb1qyoVk5yqDpfsc7CNjNKbmnCsICr1j-OyRhQOE64fpSMzXAuKD94wmTV_-cVIuVDTayBveUN0XlYLY/s1600/Gedmatch_HarappaWorld_Admixture_Chromosome_Painting_Example.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="GedMatch Chromosome Painting Example" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyj9DPWWVhzjA67k846ksWMPembaRR-GQsKKVUqAiBRhOrkTjoIyDXL9UokLoZb1qyoVk5yqDpfsc7CNjNKbmnCsICr1j-OyRhQOE64fpSMzXAuKD94wmTV_-cVIuVDTayBveUN0XlYLY/s1600/Gedmatch_HarappaWorld_Admixture_Chromosome_Painting_Example.jpg" height="409" title="GedMatch Chromosome Painting Example" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">GedMatch</a> Admixtur Chromosome Painting - Harrapaworld view</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">An example of Chromosome Painting from GedMatch, with the color coding insert. Here, I am using the Harrapaworld view so that I can identify the Native American segments. For me, I would expect to see Native American segments, originating components from:<br />
<br />
- NE Asia<br />
- SE Asia<br />
- American (or Amerindian, Oklahoma Cherokee)<br />
- Beringian<br />
- Siberian<br />
<br />
What I can then do with it is add descriptions of the segments on my Master spreadsheet that match the Native American locations, in the hope that I will be able to identify the Native American segments (start/end locations) with specific ancestors.<br />
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<br />
<b>Look at an Existing Example of Ancestor Mapping from Tim Janzen:</b><br />
<br />
Tim Janzen provides an example of his autosomal spreadsheet online.<br />
If you are mapping your chromosomes and specific regions of your autosomal chromosomes<br />
to specific ancestors using data from 23andMe and FTDNA's Family Finder.<br />
Tim has been working on this for his mother's phased data. He has uploaded a zipped Excel file that shows his mother's chromosomes correlated with the ancestors she received them from to his Dropbox account at:<br />
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<a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/21841126/chromosome%20map%20Betty%20Janzen.zip" target="_blank"> http://dl.dropbox.com/u/21841126/chromosome%20map%20Betty%20Janzen.zip</a><br />
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Tim also has a phasing utility (for two parents and a child), similar to David Pike's utility (below). Instructions to Tim Janzen's phasing utility:<br />
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<a href="http://dl.dropbox.com/u/21841126/phasing%20program%20instructions.rtf" target="_blank"> http://dl.dropbox.com/u/21841126/phasing%20program%20instructions.rtf</a><br />
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<b>Phasing Utilities</b><br />
<br />
David Pike provides some utilities for examination of autosomal data.<br />
David A. Pike, PhD, FTICA, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of <br />
Here's a link to his utilities:<br />
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<a href="http://www.math.mun.ca/~dapike/FF23utils/">http://www.math.mun.ca/~dapike/FF23utils/</a><br />
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<b>Get familiar with the terminology</b><br />
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You will find that the best place to start is with the matches that have the largest value in Centimorgans. Then, you will want to sort those largest matches by chromosome start and ending locations. That will help you triangulate which starting and ending location matches to a particular ancestor. And you will want to record your findings as you progress.<br />
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Get familiar with what is meant by IBD (Identical by Descent), IBS (Identical by Segment), ICW (In Common With), phasing, triangulation, CentiMorgans, etc. You will make the most progress if you start with the largest matching segments, and track which ancestor matches to those larger segments.<br />
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Keep a separate 'Master' spreadsheet.<br />
<br />
In order to track you progress, you will want to keep a record of your work in a separate spreadsheet. This is because you don't want to lose track of the work that you have already done, and because there are new people signing up for autosomal DNA every day. So the data containing your matching chromosome browser results will continue to be updated. You will want to keep your results separate from the updated data.<br />
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<b>Visit Helpful DNA blogs</b><br />
<br />
There have been several blogs that have posted helpful information about autosomal DNA. The three that come to mind who have been most helpful to me have been Roberta Estes, CeCe Moore, Debbie Kennett, and on the technical side, Dienekes' blog.<br />
<br />
Roberta Estes maintains "DNA Explained' http://dna-explained.com/category/family-finder/<br />
On the bottom right of her screen she lists "Categories" which is helpful in looking up information about how to use Family Finder, what to expect from it, etc.<br />
<br />
CeCe Moore maintains a blog with some helpful information. CeCe Moore is an independent professional genetic genealogist and television consultant.<br />
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<a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/">http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
Dienekes Pontikos and provides a blog is dedicated to human population genetics, physical anthropology, archaeology, and history. Dienekes' Anthropology Blog often carries short notes about the technical studies in the field of human DNA, and is interesting to read for the scientific content.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://dienekes.blogspot.com/">http://dienekes.blogspot.com/</a><br />
<b><br />
</b><b>Sign up for the Autosomal DNA email lists</b><br />
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DNA: GENEALOGY-DNA Mailing List<br />
<br />
Anyone with DNA (i.e., anyone!) who would like to ask questions, discuss methods and share results of DNA testing as applied to genealogical research:<br />
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<a href="http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html">http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/GENEALOGY-DNA.html</a><br />
<br />
DNA: AUTOSOMAL-DNA Mailing List<br />
<br />
A mailing list for the discussion of the various aspects of autosomal DNA testing for genealogical purposes:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/AUTOSOMAL-DNA.html">http://lists.rootsweb.ancestry.com/index/other/DNA/AUTOSOMAL-DNA.html</a><br />
<br />
<b>Finally, keep a record of your matche</b><b>s</b><br />
<br />
It is important to track your progress. Keep a running record of those that agreed upon a Common Ancestor. <br />
The best way to do this is by having a column on your Master spreadsheet for a Common Ancestor for the matching segments.<br />
Tim Janzen shows an example of 'How To' do this. Personally, my Master spreadsheet is split up by:<br />
<br />
a) Chromosome<br />
b) Sorted by matching segment Starting and Ending locations.<br />
<br />
This is in the style that you see from the Autosomal Segment Analyzer from DNAGedcom's "Autosomal DNA Segment Analyzer."<br />
<br />
Expect this step to take time.<br />
<br />
Expect this part to take time. Jim Barrett says that he now has 200 ancestors identified and mapped out on his Master spreadsheet.<br />
This was done one ancestor at a time, comparing matching segments and contacting the matching participants. Jim says that you will have some false starts and other problems along the way, so expect it to take a long time to map out all of your ancestors' matching autosomal segments.<br />
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<br />Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-32260069517566827012014-03-24T02:00:00.000-04:002018-12-20T08:38:56.233-05:00Autosomal DNA Cousin Calculator<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal DNA Cousin Calculator</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><big>Can you calculate your genetic cousins?</big></span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><big>
Mar 24, 2014</big></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Update Jan 31, 2018:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><br /></b></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Data and phylogenetic tree resulting from the use of the half life decay
rate calculations. Basically, an update to the previous article by applying the <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2018/02/autosomal-dna-half-life-equation.html" target="_blank">autosomal half life decay equation</a>.</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
The thought occurred to me to respond to a query from Lucy Sinkular on the Rootsweb Genealogy-DNA email list regarding matching autosomal chromosome segments to an adopted person, along with her known cousins. I thought I would mention something that I had put into my autosomal DNA spreadsheet to estimate cousin relationships. I used my "CousinCalc" equation (from my spreadsheet) to informed her that I got an estimation of 10th cousin for her genetic cousin, who was adopted.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "arial";">I used my "CousinCalc" to estimate that her adopted genetic cousin was on the order of 10th cousin.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">Back on September 28, 2011 Jared Roach, M.D., Ph.D. Senior Research Scientist Institute for Systems Biology posted a note on the Genealogy-DNA email list for the logic behind the prediction of cousin relationships. The theory is that the number of segments, when combined with the size of the segments, can be used to estimate distant relationships.</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">"Maximum-likelihood Estimation of Recent Shared Ancestry (ERSA)," Genome Res., May 21, 2011. ( see http://genome.cshlp.org/content/21/5/768/F1.expansion.html)</span><br />
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</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">Long autosomal segments are unlikely to be from distant relationships, and short segments can either be from close or distant relationships. The equation given in the paper is based on an equation given by Thomas in 1994:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"> (dt/100)<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"> P(t) = e^<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">d = number of meiosis<br />
t = length of segment in cM</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">For these past 20 years or so, the "number of meiosis" has been taken to be the number of segments. Terms have been introduced to define valid segments (Identical By Descent, or IBD) and invalid segments (Identical By State, or IBS). Segments are considered to be IBS if, in general, they are small (less than 5 to 7 cM, or less than 500 SNPs). <br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">The above equation does not always work well, so a large number of probability distribution functions and Monte Carlo simulations have been invented in order to help make some reasonable estimates of relatedness between two matching individuals. The topic is popular because the predicting relatedness has a number of applications, from family history to medicine.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">However, the thought that was nagging me was why were these scientists not using SNP's vs. cMs?? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">So, I thought I would try to find out. Upon investigating, I found that this equation worked for predicting my 4th and fifth cousins:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"> CousinCalc = (1,000 x ToTal_cMs)/ToTal_SNPs</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">But that would change, as I attempted to incorporate closer relationships.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">When I ignore the concept of IBD and IBS (and just use the sum of the figures as given by Family Tree DNA in their Family Finder product), this equation works for the distant cousins that I knew about thus far. An alternative method (such as an average size), would make use of segment counts. That type of calculation returns fairly dependable results. However, this 'CousinCal' equation does not use segment counts. My thought here was to perform a study of the combination of SNP's and CentiMorgans.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">But, the questions that bothered me was, 'is my sample too small??'</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">Would this be a statistically valid equation?<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">I don't have enough data to answer that, so I asked around.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I looked at Tim Janzen's autosomal segment matches to his mother, which has made publicly available. My "CousinCalc" came back with a cousin estimation of 6th cousin. Clearly, my "CousinCalc" equation (above) does not work for cousins less than 1. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, to be fair, Tim Janzen does not list his small segments for close relationships, and I believe this may be because companies such as Family Tree DNA do not report small segments for close relationships. So, the sum of any small segments is an unknown part of the equation. Yet, in use of my equation, I do find that the sum of all segments delivers nearly the same result as the sum of the largest segments.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Therefore, I can see that the expectation is that the "CousinCalc" equation will not to hold for cousins less than 1.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tim Janzen has his provided information in the past.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For more distant relationships, you should begin to see a departure from large segments reflecting the results of this equation. Therefore, for distant relationships, you would want to use sums in cMs and SNPs for the above.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";">Ann Turner had the most patience with this idea. However, she wasn't exactly warming up to the idea of using the above equation. She explained that 23AndMe uses segments vs. cMs, as in the article </span><span style="font-family: "arial";">“<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0034267" target="_blank">Cryptic Distant Relatives are Common in both Isolated and Cosmopolitan Samples</a>” and the chart (Fig, 3) is given on this page:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"> <a href="http://blog.23andme.com/news/announcements/how-many-relatives-do-you-have/" target="_blank">http://blog.23andme.com/news/announcements/how-many-relatives-do-you-have/</a></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhybDwpwNEcqaaQRjOy_a9KOhe8dJoL5caIc-X0KePlMIQngNofbXc56caztiLcsleUPqwekrJ0KERoOO7yjG88jcFW7C0ARl0zAS7GGC7Bl9shuvq2Y1zNMPzhSSS8ZalCRKs7Q9eLjEc/s1600/Cryptic_Distant_Relatives_Henn_Fig3A.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="caption"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Simulated data showing the relationship between shared identical segments of DNA (IBD-half) and # of shared segments for different degrees of relatedness in a population with European ancestry. http://blog.23andme.com/news/announcements/how-many-relatives-do-you-have/</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In short, this is the basis for the "Relative Finder" tool available at 23AndMe, as described here: ( <a href="https://www.23andme.com/ancestry/" target="_blank">https://www.23andme.com/ancestry/</a> ) </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I should note that the Team at Huff Lab has the ERSA software is freely available for download from their web site:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.hufflab.org/software/ersa/" target="_blank">http://www.hufflab.org/software/ersa/</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The data chosen for the chart were IBD segments, which basically means that the chart includes matching segments that are larger than 10 cMs. Which means, the number of IBD segments in the matches to your autosomal DNA that are over 10 cMs is an indication of how related they might be to you. Because segments do not fit very well, there are some fairly heavy duty probability equations behind the above chart. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then I thought, well, let me draw up what SNP's vs. cMs might look like.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here is what my fourth cousin's matching segments look like for the individual segments:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgevgzpcVCcy_JeSkq_exWcmlygZCLPS7p97dLbzGveOzYA2O1PlC-grzByfZKt2z4ZgpZqAUPSOGrCL9TA2BZQsUTv2Iy8Q3DRrXFgIhhSdM30YAuw5d27xPc5EdLu1f3bUp8nBRbIp8A/s1600/cMs_vs_SNPs_4th_Cousins_Matching.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgevgzpcVCcy_JeSkq_exWcmlygZCLPS7p97dLbzGveOzYA2O1PlC-grzByfZKt2z4ZgpZqAUPSOGrCL9TA2BZQsUTv2Iy8Q3DRrXFgIhhSdM30YAuw5d27xPc5EdLu1f3bUp8nBRbIp8A/s1600/cMs_vs_SNPs_4th_Cousins_Matching.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">and here is what my fifth cousin's matching segments look like for individual segments:</span> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu3aTP0O-no3sYwRaAM0vudnrhpu_KGW2g8t5Q0DvElGPQglYBTMVqLYpTAQfniR4_LBV0DSoTbGeBFsI21Pq4TP_iZp1j0b3GbxbW001OqwjAWmMrGoobxLBIr3KcipWhGUFoiFLKPug/s1600/cMs_vs_SNPs_5th_Cousins_Matching.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu3aTP0O-no3sYwRaAM0vudnrhpu_KGW2g8t5Q0DvElGPQglYBTMVqLYpTAQfniR4_LBV0DSoTbGeBFsI21Pq4TP_iZp1j0b3GbxbW001OqwjAWmMrGoobxLBIr3KcipWhGUFoiFLKPug/s1600/cMs_vs_SNPs_5th_Cousins_Matching.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Individual autosomal segments vs. Centimorgans (cMs)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> This appeared to be a direct (near linear) relationship between SNP's and cMs. However, perhaps not statistically valid (not enough sample data). So, I thought I would see if Family Tree DNA's Chromosome Browser matching segments might give enough data to support the same direct (linear) relationship between SNP's and cMs. That produced the following chart:</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQzWgz2e4vPD9GF2Rj7S0VIZ3zwpoTG_hbCdMAyun4QXu09xkz0OY58NoLaGy1kseYj6SSNsaUCCqagp1V7w0zYICDbsrPDBEWSBj1X0PW6d6UuZM3RTwh2NPTH2urObzB88X_98GpRAw/s1600/Total_cMs_vs_Total_SNPs_Labeled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQzWgz2e4vPD9GF2Rj7S0VIZ3zwpoTG_hbCdMAyun4QXu09xkz0OY58NoLaGy1kseYj6SSNsaUCCqagp1V7w0zYICDbsrPDBEWSBj1X0PW6d6UuZM3RTwh2NPTH2urObzB88X_98GpRAw/s1600/Total_cMs_vs_Total_SNPs_Labeled.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When matching autosomal DNA segments are summed, the sums produce a chart that shows a direct relationship between total SNP's and total cMs. 1076 individual segments where SNP's and cM's have been summed per matching person.</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Elizabeth Harris wrote me to say that she did not use SNP's because they did not work for her. Basically, she tested with 23AndMe, and the calculation did not work for 4 of her cousins with matching segments on chromosome 15.The 'CousinCalc' equation came out to be 33rd cousins for that segment, and the math is rather tortuous if you want the equation to come out as fourth cousins for that particular segment on chromosome 15.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ann Turner cited this chart from Rutgers' University:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070113005025/http://compgen.rutgers.edu/maps/compare.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">http://web.archive.org/web/20070113005025/http://compgen.rutgers.edu/maps/compare.pdf</span></a> <br />
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</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The basic point there being that the marker position along chromosome 15 begins at about 20 MB. As does chromosome 13 and 14, but it is not a common phenomena among chromosome measurements. </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">However, I should point out that unfortunately, Elizabeth only gave the values for chromosome 15, and I did not get to see what 'CousinCalc' looks like using sums </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> across all matching chromosomes </span>for her 4th cousins. Elizabeth did not provide data for any other matching chromosome, so I did not get to see what the data looks like from 23AndMe.</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And finally, Ann Turner </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">also pointed out that chromosome 15 has some poor regions being reported out, and a number of other chromosomes have the same problem. She cited Table 3 of this article: "Relationship Estimation from Whole-Genome Sequence Data," Hong Li, et. al. Jan 2014.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004144&representation=PDF" target="_blank">http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1004144&representation=PDF</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That Table 3 shows two segments on chromosome 15 - one between starting location of 20,967,673 and ending at 25,145,260 that show a length of 10.46 cMs and the other starting at 27,115,823 and ending at 30,295,750 with a length of 9.29 cMs. That's two to three times what you might expect to be the length in cMs.Other chromosomes showing this type of anomaly include chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 21, and 22. A total of some 14 regions.</span> <br />
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</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally, the GedMatch.com web site has a utility that plugs relationship calculations into some of their reports. However, I think that Tim Janzen mentioned that GedMatch has not yet converted to Build 37. Family Tree DNA is now at Build 37, so the results may look slightly different at GedMatch than what you may see at your vendor.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://gedmatch.com/" target="_blank">http://gedmatch.com/</a></span> <br />
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</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That would be a brief overview regarding why SNP's are not usually compared vs. the use of Centimorgans.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> An easy way to determine an estimate is to add all of your segment results and use the average. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Take the total shared DNA and divide by the number of segments shared in
order to get the average size in cMs.
<br />
<br />Then go to the table on this site and look up the relationship:
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics" target="_blank">http://www.isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_statistics</a> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Pretty handy for a quick reference.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In August, 2015, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Robert James Liguori commented on this story (below) and lent the data that he had on hand. I then used Robert's data to derive a simple equation that would return large cousin values for small cM and SNP values, and at the same time deliver small cousin values for large cM values and large SNP values. Normally, a mathematician would want to derive that sort of equation using differential equations or a series, or a transformation, or probability distribution. Since I have limited data, I used no tools to derive the equation, and kept it simple for direct testing. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">CCalc_V2 = SQRT(1/SQRT((F3*F3) / G3)*(0.75*SQRT(G3/F3))*(G3/(F3*600))) </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
where: </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
F3 is the cM segment values from column 'F' on line 3 <br />
G3 is the SNP segment value from column 'G' on line 3 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
I would imagine that some academics would prefer exponential or natural
logs in the equation, but this one was fairly straightforward for me to
test. It certainly can be improved. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> In the event that you prefer the equation for programming purposes:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Alpha = sqrt(1/sqrt((cMs * cMs) / SNPs) * (.75*sqrt(SNPs / cMs)) * (SNPs/(cMs * 600)))</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
A few things I know about the use of the equation at the moment: </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
- This works better on individual segments than it does on sums. Largest segment is good. <br />
- It still does not work well for cousins less than 1, but this is an improvement. <br />
- It does not handle "2nd Removed," etc. very well. <br />
- It is mostly designed to work with values in excess of 3 cMs (use
values greater than 3 cMs). Therefore, if you see the wrong value,
please check the size in cMs first. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Here is a display of what the cousin calculator equation look like for a few of my cousins:</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7sClo3trUOg9rLpKLny8w8AvlaDsp4pILGigDeYy7uXQTMMxlHR-WTFzVnBdPzrKA-pDZ0tEOfGuaNp2ktQBJXGzYszPpNBmStXF5g6WnWRKG6eMbek5usz6nKnv7XBf0XNnZxvyNHdE/s1600/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Frank.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7sClo3trUOg9rLpKLny8w8AvlaDsp4pILGigDeYy7uXQTMMxlHR-WTFzVnBdPzrKA-pDZ0tEOfGuaNp2ktQBJXGzYszPpNBmStXF5g6WnWRKG6eMbek5usz6nKnv7XBf0XNnZxvyNHdE/s640/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Frank.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal DNA 'CousinCalc' equation for fourth cousin using SNPs vs. cMs.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Using the Cousin Calculator version 2 returns the expected value for the cousin relationship on the largest segment. The smaller segments suggest an older ancestral relationship.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQxmcjPvVvPVefMNMSg0gYS26R7fTvyXHCV_-TDYknTMrkC4EyHHAKdxlKs8vbzDgWYyH1Jppb4VyRyMc9r0v8OA8ibtcjwXj5GrZEooOzC1qLByrP5im6XBqGFMyw7BbFYj15KTQRZNw/s1600/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Mary_Ann.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQxmcjPvVvPVefMNMSg0gYS26R7fTvyXHCV_-TDYknTMrkC4EyHHAKdxlKs8vbzDgWYyH1Jppb4VyRyMc9r0v8OA8ibtcjwXj5GrZEooOzC1qLByrP5im6XBqGFMyw7BbFYj15KTQRZNw/s640/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Mary_Ann.jpg" width="624" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal DNA 'CousinCalc' equation for fourth cousin, once removed using SNPs vs. cMs. </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the above, there are several segments that return (roughly) the expected value.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Lrx8amkzYWFn9ajd2Iwyo1yxJYuwDNMIAY63V7fvzYjUlAoloN1V0YZFGNbuSICeSAJ1ZOqWd-fCsoqEG4eL3A5DO2BuyOgihWUyWnDRS0PejmoMmI8hLWQQJI0w7mt2Wk-WtowT158/s1600/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Patricia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="574" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Lrx8amkzYWFn9ajd2Iwyo1yxJYuwDNMIAY63V7fvzYjUlAoloN1V0YZFGNbuSICeSAJ1ZOqWd-fCsoqEG4eL3A5DO2BuyOgihWUyWnDRS0PejmoMmI8hLWQQJI0w7mt2Wk-WtowT158/s640/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Patricia.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal DNA 'CousinCalc' equation for fourth cousin using SNPs vs. cMs.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUSPs6Al7_kip7h4g5c0gwR3lFDh57GSUjqaiIkmfuOrV6swpbcNSz7OUo7YuWk9sB4BFJSMhCvN45rSkHoW4zbQacqIXD9pnA7A50hWEt0f8V2UAUZAd0KuQH6zTRKbNaMyY1BCW3RJE/s1600/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Wendell.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUSPs6Al7_kip7h4g5c0gwR3lFDh57GSUjqaiIkmfuOrV6swpbcNSz7OUo7YuWk9sB4BFJSMhCvN45rSkHoW4zbQacqIXD9pnA7A50hWEt0f8V2UAUZAd0KuQH6zTRKbNaMyY1BCW3RJE/s640/Cousin_Calculator_Table_Wendell.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Autosomal DNA 'CousinCalc' equation for fifth cousin using SNPs vs. cMs.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The next step should be to try to gather enough data regarding the results of this equation in order to determine if this is a valid calculation that I can use in my spreadsheet. If the statistics do not bear it out as valid, then the following step should be to determine if the problems mentioned above could be remedied (or avoided) by use of a program.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I use the cousin calculator in an examination of autosomal DNA segment triads here:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html" target="_blank">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2015/09/autosomal-small-segment-triangulation.html</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I used the information from the cousin calculator to create a 'Dean McGee' style Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) table within the above report. It was interesting to see a TMRCA table from females for a change. That information (in years) can be used to create a phylogenetic tree. For the years, I used the calculation:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Years = 2 * (Cousin Cal V2 value) * (25 years per generation)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Robert James Liguori subsequently posted his own calculation tool, but that site is no longer available (see comments).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Updated 03/27/2014 - fix for math error in table for Frank, made hyperlinks active.<br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Update 08/25/2015 - I posted an improved equation to the Genealogy-DNA email list:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hello, </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
I have been playing around with my cousin calculator again, and have tried to have it work better at the extreme limits. That is, have it return a small result when the cMs are huge, and return a huge result when the cMs are small. I received some cMs, SNP counts, and relationships from Robert James Liguori, which includes some data on close relationships that I do not have. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
If anyone would care to humor me and plug it into your spreadsheet from FTDNA, my cousin calculator version 2 equation now looks like this: </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
= SQRT(1/SQRT((F3*F3) / G3)*(0.75*SQRT(G3/F3))*(G3/(F3*600))) </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
where: </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
F3 is the cM segment values from column 'F' on line 3 <br />
G3 is the SNP segment value from column 'G' on line 3 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
I would imagine that some academics would prefer exponential or natural logs in the equation, but this one was fairly straightforward for me to test. It certainly can be improved. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
A few things I know at the moment: </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
- This works better on segments than it does on sums. <br />
- It still does not work well for cousins less than 1, but this is an improvement. <br />
- It does not handle "2nd Removed," etc. very well. <br />
- It is mostly designed to work with values in excess of 3 cMs (use values greater than 3 cMs). Therefore, if you see the wrong value, please check the size in cMs first. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
I designed it so that it could handle small values (large cousin values), just so I could see how large a cousin value it would return. The largest value that I have seen generated is around 100th cousin, which I would guess would be in the vicinity of 200 generations, or 5,000 years at 25 years per generation. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
Thanks for the data from Robert James Liguori. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
Fun stuff. </span> <br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br />
Updated: 09/11/2015 It appears that Huff Labs no longer the web interface to their ERSA software. Updated to indicate that you can download their software.<br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <br />
Updated: 10/05/2015 </span>
Re-phrasing on the reference to Tim Janzen's data, updated to include the new calculation derived from the data of Robert James Liguori, and an update of the graphics in order to illustrate the use of sums vs using individual segments.<br />
<br />
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-19006705544664293402013-08-18T22:28:00.000-04:002018-02-22T12:06:09.499-05:00British Monarchy / HAM Y-DNA Comparison Study<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">British Monarchy / HAM
Y-DNA Comparison Study</span></b></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">August, 2013</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In August, 2013 Bradley T. Larkin released his study of the
“<a href="http://www.surnamedna.com/?articles=y-dna-of-the-british-monarchy" target="_blank">Y-DNA of the British Monarchy</a>.” The first such study of its kind, the review
attempted to identify the Y-DNA of some major branches of the British Monarchy.
The main lines with Y-DNA allele values given were Mountbatten, Stuart, and
Windsor. The data was composed of roughly 24 Y-DNA allele (repeat) values, and
described as R1b with terminal SNP’s appearing to match either U106 or L21.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Whereas 24 Y-DNA marker values are notoriously insufficient
for an accurate comparison analysis, it may nevertheless be interesting to see
who matches within the HAM DNA Project.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One final cautionary note regarding possible errors could be
attributed to some error in sampling assumptions by Mr. Larkin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Examination of the suggested Monarchy haplotypes found that
there was a distant match to the largest U106 HAM DNA Group (#2), but detailed
examination showed that the closest matches in our project appear to be HAM DNA
Groups 3, 6, 8, and 12. However, to compound the problem of accuracy, the
matching groups generally only tested to 25 to 37 markers.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKJxjOySn8FIVhYet8h4P1eIepl5rI4VM8y2fBQ6TMLW3iLE70RMaV6U3Maa_MXta3ef-NlVP5TeM_w8WfyO2AXVvnfG_fjtx1XS0ubNyRLXKmRTMNXc-piNK3e-6kPuMkzVdaUtm6tvc/s640/HAM_DNA_vs_British_Monarchy_Phylograph.bmp" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="371" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HAM DNA Project / British Monarchy Comparison</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The closest Genetic Distance overall was from HAM DNA Group
#3. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";">The next
illustration shows the closest matches within the HAM DNA Project to the
proposed British Monarchy:</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQvTRNvg7vMx0asMkM_uyld3_KSEuScDYxrX9NawKqmMgJ8qZY2XIJtspa1iS0RuW-RQG83ZzLvpNtw-fNY1zWWBALzDKxVKB9wqSifXmQpc4ce4p_RiVAZ8VM3kufCPm-oO1I3dBaYDs/s1600/HAM_DNA_vs_British_Monarchy_McGee_Genetic_Distance_Zoom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQvTRNvg7vMx0asMkM_uyld3_KSEuScDYxrX9NawKqmMgJ8qZY2XIJtspa1iS0RuW-RQG83ZzLvpNtw-fNY1zWWBALzDKxVKB9wqSifXmQpc4ce4p_RiVAZ8VM3kufCPm-oO1I3dBaYDs/s1600/HAM_DNA_vs_British_Monarchy_McGee_Genetic_Distance_Zoom.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The HAM DNA participant with the closest Genetic Distance is found to be kit 43250, but that kit has only tested to 25 markers. <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
number of markers, as we see later, affects the accuracy of the TMRCA.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">TMRCA</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSrsr3Z7EPMN-hMecLAwq83Tva5X0wgnMPtd1ETzskds_DJW-CXuEBKer3wdnjqfNdOKTd8XsRbQf6aHsXpnPud7oVmGKCgpdqSpEBEiYPjHd2v7D4D2z2Dhl3LM7j6pZbs_Y_RrhovA/s1600/HAM_DNA_British_Royalty_TMRCA_Table02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSrsr3Z7EPMN-hMecLAwq83Tva5X0wgnMPtd1ETzskds_DJW-CXuEBKer3wdnjqfNdOKTd8XsRbQf6aHsXpnPud7oVmGKCgpdqSpEBEiYPjHd2v7D4D2z2Dhl3LM7j6pZbs_Y_RrhovA/s640/HAM_DNA_British_Royalty_TMRCA_Table02.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">HAM British Monarchy TMRCA Table 1</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Of the closest matching groups in the current HAM DNA
Project, it was found that Group #2 had a closest match to Windsor with an
estimated TMRCA of 1575 Years before present (+/- 354 years).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Group #3 had a closest match to Stuart with an estimated
TMRCA of 1150 Years before present (+/- 259 years).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Group #6 had a closest match to Stuart with an estimated
TMRCA of 950 Years before present (+/- 214 years).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Group #8 had a closest match to Windsor with an estimated
TMRCA of 1150 Years before present (+/- 259 years).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Group #12 had a closest match to Stuart with an estimated
TMRCA of 1550 Years before present (+/- 349 years).</span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCx8elrTvwa40iDzKHuzL7vQWup8w5Nyy2XbueVRXLJXuyP_8MymEgxNwc-oXyfkxtqw2DKZW32NMgGuKanmMwyjm7zgwNLMsWjIOF8z_wjw-VyoRU4GZe34xUurv9d0-vMmdQyH66mvw/s1600/HAM_DNA_vs_British_Monarchy_McGee_TMRCA_Zoom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCx8elrTvwa40iDzKHuzL7vQWup8w5Nyy2XbueVRXLJXuyP_8MymEgxNwc-oXyfkxtqw2DKZW32NMgGuKanmMwyjm7zgwNLMsWjIOF8z_wjw-VyoRU4GZe34xUurv9d0-vMmdQyH66mvw/s1600/HAM_DNA_vs_British_Monarchy_McGee_TMRCA_Zoom.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It would appear that given the information that we have today, kit 82227 matches the most recent connection to the Stuart British Monarchy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The group with the closest Genetic Distance would be Group #3. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sources:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Larkin, Bradley T. “<a href="http://www.surnamedna.com/?articles=y-dna-of-the-british-monarchy" target="_blank">Y-DNAof the British Monarchy</a>” August, 2013</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://ham-country.com/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_Results.html" target="_blank">HAM DNA Project</a> (Y-DNA results from <a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/groups/ham-dna-project/dna-results" target="_blank">Family Tree DNA</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Dean McGee’s <a href="http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility111.html">Y-DNA Comparison Utility</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html" target="_blank">Phylip software</a>,
Kitsch package, Fitch-Margoliash method</span></div>
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-61807995682232162082012-07-04T18:07:00.001-04:002012-07-18T09:13:42.927-04:00People of the British Isles - Genetic Maps<br />
<div style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;"><big style="font-weight: bold;"><big><big><big><span style="color: #000099;">People of the British Isles</span><br />
</big></big></big></big><br />
<big style="color: #993300; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><big><big>Genetic Maps</big></big></big><br />
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<big style="color: #666600;">on exhibit this week</big></div><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial;">A genetic map of the British people has been produced by Oxford University researchers. </span><br />
<br style="font-family: Arial;" /><span style="font-family: Arial;">It forms the centerpiece of their display at the Royal Society's free Summer Science Exhibition, which opens July 3, 2012. The Event runs all week - Monday to Sunday inclusive, and is an annual Event. There are 19 exhibits.</span></b> <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcoRFiE2Wc3AGlyEWjNHikd3eCB3TUySdxhe9cSJcqPDJCb1jpt5_LRs9bUHceboo6SY-lat1uW6llKjHeZnqT49fYbcaH4A_OxT2oR_JgGbw-VLDlNegTBnJgbMkYQXcr4X9jHaz_J8/s1600/Royal_Society_Genetic_Maps-web-site_half.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcoRFiE2Wc3AGlyEWjNHikd3eCB3TUySdxhe9cSJcqPDJCb1jpt5_LRs9bUHceboo6SY-lat1uW6llKjHeZnqT49fYbcaH4A_OxT2oR_JgGbw-VLDlNegTBnJgbMkYQXcr4X9jHaz_J8/s400/Royal_Society_Genetic_Maps-web-site_half.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"> The remarkable thing about the map is how much people sharing similar gene variations cluster geographically.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The groupings often appear to match the separate historical pasts of different areas of Britain, following ancient enmities </span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">or reflecting differences that we hold onto today about where in the country we come from.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">On the genetic map of Britain, Cornish people clustered separately from those from Devon, while the Scottish and </span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Irish tended to share the same DNA markers. Those in South Wales formed a group, while there were separate clusters </span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">in the Welsh borders and in Anglesey in North Wales. People in Orkney were different from everyone else.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">In England, the majority of the South, South-East and Midlands formed one large group. Cumbria, Northumberland and </span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">the Scottish Borders seemed to share a common past. And Lancashire and Yorkshire, despite their rivalry, seemed to</span> <span style="font-family: Arial;">be as one genetically.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">'We first set out to map genetic variation across the UK,' says Professor Peter Donnelly, director of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and one of the scientists involved in the project. 'Our results show striking patterns of genetic clustering within different geographical regions of the UK. By comparing the different UK clusters with potential source populations from Europe we are able to learn more about the history of the people of the British Isles.'</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The 'People of the British Isles' project began in 2004 with funding from the Wellcome Trust. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Oxford University researchers traveled across the British Isles collecting blood samples from more than 4,000 people whose four grandparents all came from the same area.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">UK samples (The People of the British Isles), are aimed at providing a resource to the research community, </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">as well as providing a fine-scale genetic information on the British population. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">So far, some 4000 samples have been collected, the majority of which fit the criteria of coming from a rural area and having all four grandparents from approximately the same area. Analysis of the first 3865 samples (that have been coded according to geography) indicates that 75% have a mean distance between grandparent places of birth of 37.3 km, and that about 70% of grandparent places of birth can be classed as rural. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Full article:</span><br />
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Medical Xpress</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">article, July 3, 2012:</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: Arial;">"Genetic Map of Britain goes on Display"</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"> <a href="http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-genetic-britain.html">http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-genetic-britain.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #000099;">Royal Society "Science Live 2012" article</span>:</span><br />
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<a href="http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/exhibits/genetic-maps/"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/exhibits/genetic-maps/</span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Links to high definition Tiff or PDF file from the Royal Society:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/media/46708/genetic-maps-main.pdf%20%20" target="_blank">British Isles Genetic Maps (PDF)</a> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://sse.royalsociety.org/2012/media/46144/genetic-maps-main.tiff" target="_blank">British Isles Genetic Maps (tiff)</a> </span><br />
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-weight: bold;">People of the British Isles web site:</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/"><span style="font-family: Arial;">http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/</span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">papers on the web site:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/pobipaper.pdf" target="_blank">First paper</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/Commentary-CTS.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Commentary on the paper</span></a><br />
<a href="http://www.peopleofthebritishisles.org/nl5.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Newsletter</span></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">You Tube video:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;">People of the British Isles: </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCwHCMfyW88&lr=1" target="_blank">The Landscape of Islay</a>:</span></span><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEGBTSvnD4qK8Vqk78eVoU-X2Ykkf_IKu1gFFzn1yOETMCh8FgRZYRcxoe4dol-Wda4c9b5JI1IR75Rh06UOPbWSAyr9iH0LBOUbu2wVGXaF97c-zcACIDMQTWggo-iYqwL2CThe4s9ls/s1600/Sir_Walter_Bodmer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="People of the British Isles - Sir Walter Bodmer" border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEGBTSvnD4qK8Vqk78eVoU-X2Ykkf_IKu1gFFzn1yOETMCh8FgRZYRcxoe4dol-Wda4c9b5JI1IR75Rh06UOPbWSAyr9iH0LBOUbu2wVGXaF97c-zcACIDMQTWggo-iYqwL2CThe4s9ls/s400/Sir_Walter_Bodmer.jpg" title="People of the British Isles - Sir Walter Bodmer" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCwHCMfyW88&lr=1" target="_blank">People of the British Isles - Sir Walter Bodmer</a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;">European Journal of Human Genetics</span> (scientific article from Aug 10, 2011)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"> <a href="http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v20/n2/full/ejhg2011127a.html">http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v20/n2/full/ejhg2011127a.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">by Bruce Winney, et. al.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Article by Debbie Kennett on the <b style="color: #073763;">Cruwys Blog</b>:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"> <a href="http://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/people-of-british-isles-project.html">http://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/people-of-british-isles-project.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> <span style="color: #990000;">To post a comment, click on the title and scroll to the bottom. </span></span><br />
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</span>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-31022455449236818842012-05-08T21:33:00.002-04:002012-07-18T09:17:13.261-04:00Surname Origins - HAM DNA Group 1<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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</div><div style="color: #134f5c; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">HAM DNA Group 1</span></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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</div><div style="color: #351c75; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Surname Origins</span></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">One of the reasons for participating in the Y-DNA Project is to discover the origins of your surname. When the paper trail ends, DNA can be a useful tool in researching your ancestors. If you are looking for your homeland and the family history behind it, then is very important to learn as much as you can about using Y-DNA STR markers. </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It was when Thomas Hamm messaged me today about the location of Brent Knoll in Somerset that I realized that I had not been clear enough about the origins of HAM DNA Group #1 origins. After years of waiting, we finally got a DNA participant (Tony Ham), who was a recent enough immigrant to remember where his ancestors immigrated from. Tony's ancestors were from Brent Knoll, Somerset in the UK. Tony is a close match to the participants in HAM DNA Group #1.</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is known that the M253 (I1) Y-DNA haplotype is of likely viking descent, and in this case, most likely of Norman descent. Vikings in this area of England most likely arrived during the Norman Conquest of 1066. So, it is not surprising when I read that the local St. Michael's Church has a Norman doorway and that the present nave was built in AD 1290. </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Thomas found a very nice web site for general information about Brent Knoll.</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">For more information about Brent Knoll, see the Brent Knoll Village web site: </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq2M6kDdWJmWzsiypG4uG0C3hQ-4sQiIOozvoBKql6x5FoZkZU-iOaViSXSPY6y0MIEr-ppIsuELb_zLcEk9dbgdPQ2bXNYpzvSIsPYRV7Q2M9PbgANiorA9ZzNaH_kNk3Qn2ZCx-6Y2Q/s1600/Brent_Knoll_Hillfort_Village_Info_bannermain_small.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="71" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq2M6kDdWJmWzsiypG4uG0C3hQ-4sQiIOozvoBKql6x5FoZkZU-iOaViSXSPY6y0MIEr-ppIsuELb_zLcEk9dbgdPQ2bXNYpzvSIsPYRV7Q2M9PbgANiorA9ZzNaH_kNk3Qn2ZCx-6Y2Q/s400/Brent_Knoll_Hillfort_Village_Info_bannermain_small.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.brentknollvillage.info/">http://www.brentknollvillage.info/</a></td></tr>
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</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Be sure to click on the tabs for "Brent Knoll History," "Places of Worship," and the "Photo Gallery."</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilVO2TI94D7MIF3WMNNe9Zf1piqWvCm3ecsDaFNZjEstQm1LvthnRnp0Y5yKug6JBC_xosgt284iX3Hr53hGyIf-U6mZFMUNCoY2U92Nd5xY3x6o-LX2Tmm_Juc1jRMEh2PzmbBtk3eyM/s1600/Brent_Knoll_St_Michaels_Church_pic2_half.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilVO2TI94D7MIF3WMNNe9Zf1piqWvCm3ecsDaFNZjEstQm1LvthnRnp0Y5yKug6JBC_xosgt284iX3Hr53hGyIf-U6mZFMUNCoY2U92Nd5xY3x6o-LX2Tmm_Juc1jRMEh2PzmbBtk3eyM/s200/Brent_Knoll_St_Michaels_Church_pic2_half.JPG" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.brentknollvillage.info/st_michaels.htm">http://www.brentknollvillage.info/st_michaels.htm</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> St. Michaels Church at Brent Knoll</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brent Knoll is just a few kilometers from the Bristol Channel. There is a tiny town called "Ham" just west of Brent Knoll. The "Ham" surname is a place name, meaning the surname was taken from a small village or hamlet by the name of "Ham." The word ham means a homestead. In old English, before the use of surnames, a person would be identified as being from the town, as in "John de Ham," or later, "John d'Ham," until eventually his descendants would be known as simply "John Ham."</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdxRvtTXumUPzHl2i7PvvY8w-0zdpyBGoIfwMAuUVQL_xxyy9owXPcenZSp0tfkG0vZkLSPdBr2j1daJv2FQw1saWWqyAaxeX_xfVhvjMQvyG6u_HhN7fbq5sqTEMsJaiAb-0bRzsDC1E/s1600/HAM_Brent_Knoll_Map06_cropped.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdxRvtTXumUPzHl2i7PvvY8w-0zdpyBGoIfwMAuUVQL_xxyy9owXPcenZSp0tfkG0vZkLSPdBr2j1daJv2FQw1saWWqyAaxeX_xfVhvjMQvyG6u_HhN7fbq5sqTEMsJaiAb-0bRzsDC1E/s320/HAM_Brent_Knoll_Map06_cropped.JPG" width="311" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.streetmap.co.uk/">http://www.streetmap.co.uk</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In order to get a general idea of just where the town of Ham is located, the best map I have found is from Streetmap in the UK. Zooming in, this company has the small collection of homes clearly marked as called "Ham." For comparison, Google maps does not have the hamlet referenced by any name.</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSqcLoA5UZZAA2MkiuVB_IU4SXAUeO8s216kDj6IDsuokz5kraE_m2X_TzM_9snH18u9IfVFg09f86cOEsUYovor5E1z8VbHEjfQoCOWnjObRDHxrP-QDjSC3VfPvrwUWIDEzwzs-umk/s1600/HAM_Brent_Knoll00_map_small.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTSqcLoA5UZZAA2MkiuVB_IU4SXAUeO8s216kDj6IDsuokz5kraE_m2X_TzM_9snH18u9IfVFg09f86cOEsUYovor5E1z8VbHEjfQoCOWnjObRDHxrP-QDjSC3VfPvrwUWIDEzwzs-umk/s320/HAM_Brent_Knoll00_map_small.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.streetmap.co.uk/">http://www.streetmap.co.uk</a></td></tr>
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</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">However, given some time and a high speed connection, Google Maps does permit you to simulate a drive around the town. use Googlemaps to zoom in and tour the village, enter these coordinates for the little town of Ham: <br />
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<a href="http://maps.google.com/">http://maps.google.com/</a> <br />
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51.259605,-2.97496<br />
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(Zoom in to "street level" and click on the road to follow the trip.)</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Another detailed map from the <a href="http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/" target="_blank">Somerset Archives</a> (although in black & white) shows the area in several images, one of which is located here:</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/Maps/OS61htm/2512.htm">http://www1.somerset.gov.uk/archives/Maps/OS61htm/2512.htm</a> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
Between 1875 and 1883 the village name was changed from South Brent to Brent Knoll to avoid passenger confusion with the village of South Brent in Devon.<br />
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</div><br />Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-4088135764771138192012-05-06T10:32:00.001-04:002012-07-18T09:20:06.881-04:00Irish Genetic Ancestors<br />
<h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <b>Irish Genetic Ancestors</b></h2><h2 style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <b> </b></h2><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDepwC7jrdT1RBENFWecnkyOCHYxII9YYG9Tt2NJ9NEbxx65h2n-1CaI8eDSurSiftIWL5NILHuoZKLiowM3_1WfGOMef3xvknz4sJGLfL94TzvXTUng7Vmcbi4BLPrvpiEN-HKh0PwQY/s1600/Irish_Genetic_Ancestors.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDepwC7jrdT1RBENFWecnkyOCHYxII9YYG9Tt2NJ9NEbxx65h2n-1CaI8eDSurSiftIWL5NILHuoZKLiowM3_1WfGOMef3xvknz4sJGLfL94TzvXTUng7Vmcbi4BLPrvpiEN-HKh0PwQY/s320/Irish_Genetic_Ancestors.jpg" width="297" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b> Irish Times article by by Dick Ahlstrom</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b>Today, DNA can deliver proof of your genetic ancestry and genetic markers can help provide details about your ancient history. Following in the footsteps of Moffat and Wilson in "The Scots a Genetic Journey," <b>“Ireland’s DNA”</b> has been launched, a genetic ancestry service. <br />
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Dr Gianpiero Cavalleri, one of three founders of the company says "we can understand about Irish history from the resulting dataset."<br />
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</div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ireland before the arrival of the Normans was dynastic, with powerful local warlords controlling territories. Their high positions in society also provided the opportunity to deliver many offspring, explains Dr Gianpiero Cavalleri, a geneticist at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. It means that many of the genes passed forward into later generations had their origins in a powerful dynastic leader.<br />
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The important families are well known here, for example, the Uí Néills in Ulster begun by fifth-century warlord Niall of the Nine Hostages. Family names associated with him include O’Neill, O’Conner, O’Donnell, McLoughlin, O’Rourke and others. These surnames are associated with one particular type of Y chromosome, the male-only part of the genome.<br />
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The Eoganachta were another important dynasty in fifth-century Munster led by Conall Corc, descended from founder Eoghan-Mor. This family, with surnames such as O’Donoghue, Hayes, O’Keeffe and O’Sullivan, have a different Y chromosome type.<br />
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The Eoganachta were displaced in the 10th century by the Dalcassians, originally descended many centuries earlier from Cormac Cas, Cavalleri says. Family names here include O’Brien, Kennedy, McGrath and O’Casey, to name a few.<br />
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Then there were the kings of Laighin (Leinster) led by Dermot McMurrough who invited the Normans into Ireland. Names here include Kearney, Kinsella and McMurrough.<br />
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<a href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/sciencetoday/2012/0503/1224315503586.html">http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/sciencetoday/2012/0503/1224315503586.html</a></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><b><br />
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</span></b></b></div>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-51068112496841882962012-05-06T10:18:00.001-04:002012-05-06T10:18:37.478-04:00BBC - The Great British Story<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<b>Coming Soon to BBC Two, The Great British Story looks at history through the eyes of ordinary people. </b></div>
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Michael Wood is your guide to discovering the layers of the past and each film provides a wealth of hints, pointers and inspiration to get you started on your own historical journey in The Great British Story. <br />
Take a journey through the centuries as we celebrate the ordinary Saxons, Celts and Vikings, the lesser-known Normans, the Tudor commoners and the Victorian working class.<br />
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</b></b>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-45026532335521758122012-04-28T19:38:00.001-04:002012-04-28T19:55:24.970-04:00DNA Analysis of Neolithic Europeans<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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April 27, 2012<br />
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Archeologists and anthropologists have analyzed ancient DNA in an attempt to correlate DNA samples with geographic locations in Neolithic times. Friday's issue of Science Magazine has four autosomal results of Neolithic Europeans:<br />
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- 3 hunter-gatherers excavated, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans.</div>
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- 1 farmer excavated in Scandinavia (Sweden) is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans<br />
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The 3
hunter gatherer autosomal samples were excavated from burial grounds on
the island of Gotland, Sweden. Associated remains have been dated to
5300-4400 years ago, or 2400 to 3300 B.C.<br />
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The one
farmer has been associated with the Pitted Ware Culture were most
similar to the DNA sequences of people from Finland. These remains were
carbon dated dated to 4,921 ± 50 years ago, or about 3,000 BC. <br />
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Apparently, no Y-DNA haplotype group was published. But this does sound a lot like I1 and R1b. Or, R1a and R1b. If I were to guess, it would be that the three hunter-gatherers should be I1, and the one farmer to be R1b. But, Dienekes cautions that the three hunter-gatherer contemporaries "<i><b>were outside the range of modern variation</b></i>."<br />
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<b>Denekes writes:</b><br />
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"We now have two ancient autosomal DNA sampling locations, and both turned up unexpected results. The Iceman, a Copper Age inhabitant of the Alps resembled modern Sardinians. A Megalithic Swedish farmer resembled Southern Europeans, while his hunter-gatherer contemporaries were outside the range of modern variation. These results should give us caution about the identity of past populations elsewhere. <br />
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As I have argued elsewhere, the past seems to have been much more dynamic than many had suspected..."<br />
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(end quote)<br />
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In simplist terms, scientists have expected farmers to follow hunter-gatherers, and not the other way around. To view the article and read Deniekes Blog, follow the links below.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Science Magazine</b></span> (behind a pay-to-view firewall):</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_521363147">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6080/466.abstract</a></span><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/336/6080/466.abstract" target="_blank"><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /></a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <i><b>"Origins and Genetic Legacy of Neolithic Farmers and Hunter-Gatherers in Europe</b></i></span><i><b>"</b></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Pontus Skoglund, Helena Malmström, Maanasa Raghavan, Jan Storå, Per Hall, Eske Willerslev, M. Thomas P. Gilbert,</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Anders Götherström1, Mattias Jakobsson</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Abstract</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> The farming way of life originated in the Near East some 11,000 years ago and had reached most of the European continent 5000 years later. However, the impact of the agricultural revolution on demography and patterns of genomic variation in Europe remains unknown. We obtained 249 million base pairs of genomic DNA from ~5000-year-old remains of three hunter-gatherers and one farmer excavated in Scandinavia and find that the farmer is genetically most similar to extant southern Europeans, contrasting sharply to the hunter-gatherers, whose distinct genetic signature is most similar to that of extant northern Europeans. Our results suggest that migration from southern Europe catalyzed the spread of agriculture and that admixture in the wake of this expansion eventually shaped the genomic landscape of modern-day Europe.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> See also <b>Dienekes Blog:</b></span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <i><b>"A first look at the DNA of Neolithic inhabitants from Sweden"</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/04/first-look-at-dna-of-neolithic.html">http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/04/first-look-at-dna-of-neolithic.html</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <i><b>"Ancient DNA from Neolithic Sweden (Skoglund et al. 2012)"</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/04/ancient-dna-from-neolithic-sweden.html">http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/04/ancient-dna-from-neolithic-sweden.html</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Journal of Genetic Genealogy</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">April, 2012</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">A Fall, 2011 issue of the Journal of Genetic Genealogy has been posted:</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.jogg.info/72/index.html">http://www.jogg.info/72/index.html</a></div>
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O.K., I know that the header says "Fall, 2011" and this is Spring of 2012. But the issue was released on or about April 24th. That may be due to the lack of an Editor, as the former editor Blaine Bettinger, resigned because of employment and family commitments.</div>
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The Editorial Board is actively seeking a new Editor.<br />
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In this issue:<br />
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<b>Column:</b><br />
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<i><b>"Satiable Curiosity"</b></i></div>
Identity Crisis: Identical by State or Identical by Descent?<br />
by Ann Turner <br />
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A column by Ann Turner, this issue deals with autosomal analysis, such as what you might see with 23andMe or FTDNA's "Family Finder" product. Her story explains the analysis of short segments, and attempts to evaluate if you can use them to determine recent relationships.<br />
The column gives an example of how to use David Pike's Utility for this. </div>
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See the footnotes to obtain this article as a PDF file.<br />
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<b>Review Article:</b><br />
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<i><b>"Melungeons, A Multi-Ethnic Population"</b></i></div>
Roberta J. Estes, Jack H. Goins, Penny Ferguson, Janet Lewis Crain<br />
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Abstract:<br />
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"Melungeon is a term applied historically to a group of persons, probably multiethnic, found primarily in Hawkins and Hancock Counties, Tennessee, and in adjoining southern Lee County, Virginia. In this article we define the Melungeon population study group, then review the evidence from historical sources and DNA testing--Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, and autosomal DNA--to gain insight into the origin of this mysterious group."<br />
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<b>Reports:</b><br />
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<i><b>"On the Structure and Age of mtDNA Haplogroup JT--A Phylogenetic Tour"</b></i></div>
J. J. Logan<br />
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Analyzed the clade structure of Haplogroup JT and from it derived estimates for the ages of the various subclades. From the article:<br />
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"The coalescence age of 49.6 kya as computed here for Haplogroups J and T is very comparable to the age of the differentiation that was said to have taken place in western India, in the region of the Fertile Crescent or in the migration path between them. It is important to emphasize that this is well before the appearance of modern humans in Europe...."<br />
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"...The age of J and T and their first order divisions suggest that migration into Europe was<br />
occurring well before introduction of agriculture. Currently available genetic alone data does not<br />
permit a definitive determination of the geographic location of the clades."<br />
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There is a nice Glossary at the bottom for folks not familiar with mtDNA analysis.<br />
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<i><b>"The Evolution of the Gordon Surname: New Insight From Y-DNA Correlations and Genealogical Pedigrees"</b></i></div>
Tei A. Gordon and William E. Howard III<br />
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Abstract<br />
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"Surnames can be grouped into families by two methods: (1) matching Y-DNA marker haplotypes assisted by pedigree information, and (2) using correlation techniques. Both methods, applied independently, yield remarkably similar results, with the correlation technique having a slight advantage in determining the members of family groups and clusters. Traditional and correlation techniques produce similar results, with similar uncertainties, when estimating the time at which the most recent ancestor of a pair of testees lived if they are within the genealogically interesting period within about 1000 years. The correlation technique has a decided advantage when times to the most recent common ancestor of a family group, the most recent common ancestor of separate family groups, and the most recent common ancestor of families within separate haplogroups are estimated. Correlation techniques and genealogical pedigrees, working together, are used to explore the history and evolution of surname groups as well as the haplogroups of which they are a part. Totally new information that shows remarkable relationships among pedigrees, cluster and subcluster membership, geographical location, and their evolution has become apparent through this study. The appearance of surname subclusters within a surname cluster can indicate a strong, confirmable tie to pedigrees when they are available for members of a subcluster. We have uncovered correlations between recent historical activity and the formation of subclusters. The times when Gordon family clusters first appeared, and when the most recent common ancestors of Gordon interclusters lived, are compared with the chronology of the Gordon surname and events in European and Scottish history to provide additional insight into the history of the Gordon surname and possible origins from 2500 BCE to the present. The earliest most recent common Gordon ancestors who were located in pairs of different haplogroups date to about 17,500 BCE, just after the European glaciers in the most recent ice age began to recede.</div>
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In the R1b1 haplogroup, the ISOGG time estimates, the RCC time scale, the Y-DNA evidence and our results are consistent with an origin of the Gordon surname in areas near modern Turkey and Greece. Comparison of the ISOGG dates with those determined using the RCC time scale shows good agreement and no inconsistency between the RCC- and ISOGG-derived estimates. </div>
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The times derived from the RCC matrix for the early migrations of the I1 haplogroup into the British Isles from Scandinavia and from Western Europe agree well with the history of the area derived from archaeological excavations, genetics and anthropologic studies."<br />
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<i><b>"Dating Y-DNA Haplotypes on a Phylogenetic Tree: Tying the Genealogy of Pedigrees and Surname Clusters into Genetic Time Scale"</b></i> </div>
William E. Howard III and Frederic R. Schwab<br />
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Abstract<br />
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"An RCC matrix (Howard 2009a), resulting from a new correlation approach to analyze Y-DNA haplotypes, is used in conjunction with a standard Mathematica application program to produce a dated phylogenetic tree. The program displays the evolutionary relationships among all haplotypes in the matrix; it groups closely related surnames into family clusters that correlate well with genealogical pedigrees. The time scale assigned to the tree is monotonic, linear, and dates the evolutionary relationships of Y-DNA testees that may go back tens of thousands of years. This study is arguably the first to investigate the time relationships between surname Y-DNA haplotypes, pedigree- and RCC matrix-derived surname clusters and their associated phylogenetic tree. It offers a straightforward methodology and a uniform time scale that can also be used to estimate the evolutionary relationships among Y-DNA haplogroups."<br />
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If you would like to see an example of a professional treatment of surname project phylogenetic trees, this is one. This TMRCA report is a little heavy on the mathematics (using Howard's correlation technique, RCC, previously published in JoGG). They have brief graphical displays of the genealogy trees in the Gordon Project, along with the graphic displays of the mathematical results.<br />
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To give an idea of the amount of work involved, they analyze two Gordon clusters, I1 and R1b:<br />
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The Evolutionary Diagrams of the Major Gordon Surname Clusters and Interclusters in Haplogroups I1 and R1b1b2<br />
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I have to say that I was most intrigued by the correlation of the Gordon surname to "Historical Events."<br />
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A Comparison of Events in the Evolution of Gordon Clusters and Events in European and Scottish History from the Maximum of the Last Glaciation to 2500 BCE<br />
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If I read that correctly, they have the Gordon Haplotype I1 populating Norway, Sweden, and Scotland from between 7500 BC to 9500 BC.</div>
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If so, then this is in huge disagreement with the "Ancient Migrations" that I derived for I1 and R1b in the Ham Country blog articles using McGee's Utility and Y-DNA STR values to trace ancient migrations of off modal I1 and R1b:<br />
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<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html</a><br />
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Perhaps this JoGG article might be a statement of their disagreement with my STR geographic analysis. However, they have been careful not to correlate geographic locations with the samples. They simply list historical events next to the tree. However, the article does contrast with my ancient migration blogs because in this article, the timeline is far larger.<br />
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WEB PAGES:<br />
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The Journal of Genetic Genealogy, Fall, 2011<br />
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<a href="http://www.jogg.info/72/index.html%20%20" target="_blank">http://www.jogg.info/72/index.html </a><br />
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The Gordon DNA Project<br />
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<a href="http://www.thegordondnaproject.com/">www.TheGordonDNAproject.com</a><br />
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House of Gordon research<br />
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<a href="http://www.houseofgordonusa.org/">http://www.houseofgordonusa.org/</a><br />
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DNA processing lab<br />
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<a href="http://www.familytreedna.com/">http://www.FamilyTreeDNA.com</a><br />
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Mathematica software program:<br />
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<a href="http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/stats/linkage.html">http://www.mathworks.com/help/toolbox/stats/linkage.html</a><br />
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"Ancient Migrations" that I derived for I1 and R1b in the Ham Country blog articles using McGee's Utility and Y-DNA STR values to trace ancient migrations of off modal I1 and R1b:<br />
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<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html</a><br />
<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/08/ancient-migrations-using-str-tmrca.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/08/ancient-migrations-using-str-tmrca.html</a><br />
<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/09/mapping-viking-migration-with-y-dna.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/09/mapping-viking-migration-with-y-dna.html</a><br />
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To post a comment, click on the title and scroll to the bottom of the page.</div>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-21919957623076040492012-04-22T16:41:00.000-04:002012-04-22T16:41:19.203-04:00Greg Ham Men At Work Musician<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Greg Ham </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Men At Work Musician</b></span></div>
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<b>Dies at age 58</b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVJ_jaaMf-A2nNfgrJXJLW61Fhoma8arEEcathn8EfGtZOPEFo1GKhRs-_n59KGjSDQi3cdc-REGo_XB57ZOwkI_DB_DAmooShj_6xJ2Ye460YyAHCZBUNqNGUf8hyft9f8ouhrOi-gNc/s1600/Greg_Ham_Desitimes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVJ_jaaMf-A2nNfgrJXJLW61Fhoma8arEEcathn8EfGtZOPEFo1GKhRs-_n59KGjSDQi3cdc-REGo_XB57ZOwkI_DB_DAmooShj_6xJ2Ye460YyAHCZBUNqNGUf8hyft9f8ouhrOi-gNc/s200/Greg_Ham_Desitimes.jpg" width="200" /></a></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">774 ABC Melbourne <a href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/04/20/3481984.htm?site=melbourne&section=news">http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2012/04/20/3481984.htm?site=melbourne&section=news</a> </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></td></tr>
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Greg Ham was found dead in his Melbourne home on Thursday, April 19, 2012. </div>
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Member of the Australian band "Men at Work."</div>
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<noscript>Get the &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com/widget/facebook-share"&amp;amp;gt;Share on Facebook&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt; widget and many other &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com/"&amp;amp;gt;great free widgets&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt; at &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com"&amp;amp;gt;Widgetbox&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt;! Not seeing a widget? (&amp;amp;lt;a href="http://docs.widgetbox.com/using-widgets/installing-widgets/why-cant-i-see-my-widget/"&amp;amp;gt;More info&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt;)</noscript> </div>
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Mr. Ham was featured playing the flute in the hit song "Down Under," and played the saxophone in "Who Can It be Now."</div>
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Friends said he hadn't been the same since 2010, when a court ruled against his signature flute riff from the song "Down Under." In 2010 Australia's Federal Court ruled band members partly copied the flute riff from the children's folk tune "Kookaburra </div>
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Sits in the Old Gum Tree," penned more than 75 years ago.</div>
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Men At Work won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1983 before disbanding in 1985.</div>
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Thanks to Kenelly Marka for posting to the Rootsweb Ham genealogy email list. <b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPOPJD99n4UgyZHWVc2_bfa_9xv21bFQ5MCzzKMEe3HTTYySvYwk_Yzv2sq37J96T1On5XZLID1v7vW4NSzoMjewC7_xSbnWhu7SaCXVur75BfnD7r7BDnbB0oOHxHq_Cy9FZ7AZMQoc/s1600/Greg_Ham_BBC_Men_at_Work.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Greg Ham - Men at Work" border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPOPJD99n4UgyZHWVc2_bfa_9xv21bFQ5MCzzKMEe3HTTYySvYwk_Yzv2sq37J96T1On5XZLID1v7vW4NSzoMjewC7_xSbnWhu7SaCXVur75BfnD7r7BDnbB0oOHxHq_Cy9FZ7AZMQoc/s320/Greg_Ham_BBC_Men_at_Work.jpg" title="Greg Ham - Men at Work" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Greg Ham, second from left. BBC News Article: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17767264">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17767264</a> </span> </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Greg Ham in "Down Under" video VVN News: <a href="http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2012/04/could-down-under-lawsuit-have.html">http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2012/04/could-down-under-lawsuit-have.html</a><b><br /></b></td></tr>
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<b>Wikipedia</b></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ham">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ham</a></div>
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<b>BBC News article:</b></div>
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<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17767264">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17767264</a></div>
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<b>VVN / Music article:</b></div>
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<a href="http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2012/04/could-down-under-lawsuit-have.html">http://www.vintagevinylnews.com/2012/04/could-down-under-lawsuit-have.html</a></div>
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<b>New York Times article:</b></div>
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<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/21/arts/music/greg-ham-musician-on-men-at-works-80s-hits-dies-at-58.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/21/arts/music/greg-ham-musician-on-men-at-works-80s-hits-dies-at-58.html</a></div>
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<br />Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-28349550099740974112012-04-11T01:41:00.004-04:002012-04-28T19:39:44.508-04:00HAM DNA Project Group Changes<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">HAM DNA Project </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Group Changes</span></div>
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The HAM DNA Project has a new participant this week, Carl Hamm, kit #226942. Carl descends from Rufus HAM b. abt 1878 of Washington County, VA. Very curious history, because there is documentation on several Rufus HAM's from the area of SW Virginia during that time frame. </div>
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The DNA suggests some connection to the Ashe County, NC/Franklin County, NC, and the Patrick County, VA HAM lines. He appears to be the closest DNA match to the Ashe County lines, in particular, the descendants of John HAM (1780-1850) of Grayson County, VA.</div>
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However, we should keep in mind that the Washington County, VA lines have not yet been fully represented in the DNA Project. You can view his results here:</div>
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<a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_Results.html">http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_Results.html</a></div>
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I got some FaceBook messages recently about how the Groupings are done for the DNA Project. I thought I would take a moment to re-arrange the HAM DNA Groups so that they better reflect the Phylogenetic tree output. I wanted to have the groups show the output from the "kitsch" program a little bit better. Basically, the thought is that the standard scientific tools should deliver the groupings in the best way that can be determined at this time. I think most of the changes to the groups have been driven largely by those few who have tested to 111 markers, as well as by the new participants. However, in one case of the new grouping, both participants have only tested to 25 markers.</div>
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Basically, the changes that have been made are:</div>
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<b>Group # 1 Changes</b></div>
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New kit #226942 was added to HAM DNA Group #1 (226942 is Rufus HAM of Washington Co., VA). </div>
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His closest matches appears to be kits 212352 (William HAM b1780 d abt 1860 Patrick County, VA) and 68140 (William HAM Sr. son John HAM (1780-1850 of Grayson Co., VA).</div>
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Clearly belongs to Group #1, but it is still not clear which line from Group #1 that Rufus would belong to.</div>
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<b>Group # 3 Changes</b></div>
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Kit # 107820 has been moved from HAM DNA Group #8 to Group #3 (107820 is Jacob HAM, Sr. b. 1721 Rhine Valley, Germany).</div>
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The phylogenetic chart (of the TMRCA) wants to group him with kit #43250 (Captain Richard HAM b. est 1761 Charleston, SC; d. 1855 Pulaski County, KY).</div>
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This grouping is still tentative, as the Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor is estimated to be 1550 years ago. And, each kit has only been tested to 25 markers.</div>
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Aside from the DNA, the obvious items common to both kits are:</div>
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a) the same surname </div>
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b) both lines appear to have been in Kentucky by 1820.</div>
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The obvious differences are:</div>
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a) Jacob HAM, Sr. is known to have been born in Germany</div>
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b) Capt. Richard HAM is thought to have been from South Carolina.</div>
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I would think that an upgrade to 111 markers for these kits would help to better narrow down the time frame.</div>
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<b>Group # 8 Changes</b></div>
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I have moved kit # 205092 from Group #12 to Group #8, and dissolved Group #12. Kit 205092 is Perry C. HAM born 1825 TN. Parents both born in North Carolina,</div>
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with children born in Illinois. Kit 126092 is WILLIAM HAM was born in 1821 in Georgia. Died ABT 1868 in Louisiana.</div>
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The TMRCA on the two is 900 years ago, so even this grouping is tenuous, but better than the previous grouping.</div>
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(For example, I have Valentine HAMME in a different group than DNA Group #1, largely due to the TMRCA.)</div>
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It might be worth noting that kit 126092 has only been tested to 37 markers, but 205092 has been tested to 111 markers. At 37 markers, I can't say that an upgrade to 111 markers would make a large difference in the TMRCA between the two.</div>
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What they do have in common is some matching DNA and the same surname. </div>
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Which tells me that there is a good chance that they could at least share the same city of origin.</div>
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<b>Summary</b></div>
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My comment on these groups should be that Group #3 is not far in Genetic Distance from:</div>
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- Group #8, </div>
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- Group # 6 (kit #82227 Mordecai HAM of Stokes Co., NC).</div>
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- Also, the Genetic Distance for Group #8 is not far from kit #126092 in Group # 8, where I just moved kit 107820 from.</div>
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My thoughts on this is that the problems with these groups should eventually be resolved with more participants as well as an increase in the number of markers tested. This should be especially true for those who have tested to 25 markers, as 25 markers becomes unreliable for TMRCA estimates beyond about 800 years ago. I should think an upgrade in the number of markers should be important to these groups (#3, #6, and #8). Therefore, these groups could change again if more markers are tested, and as more people participate.</div>
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The Tax man is knocking at my door and taking some of my time, but I will get the phylogenetic charts updated with new kit 226942 as soon as possible.</div>
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Ref:</div>
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Dean McGee's Utility output:</div>
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<a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html">http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_McGee_output.html</a></div>
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HAM DNA Phylogenetic charts:</div>
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<a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_charts.html">http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/HAM_DNA_Project/HAM_DNA_charts.html</a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #990000;">To post a comment, click on the title and scroll to the bottom.</span></span>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-51111973140741868842012-03-25T23:00:00.000-04:002012-03-25T23:00:30.340-04:00Finding Your Roots Premier video<br />
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<b style="color: #351c75; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Finding Your Roots </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.</b></span></div>
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The Wall Street Journal has an article by John Jurgensen about the new PBS series "Finding Your Roots" with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Premiered today, part of a 10 part Prime Time series.</div>
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The Premier episode includes Newark Mayor Cory Booker and Georgia Congressman John Lewis.</div>
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They were showing back to back videos here on my local PBS station tonight, so I was able to view the program without looking through the program listings.<br />
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<tr style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Georgia Congressman John Lewis </b></td></tr>
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Mr. Gates has done previous videos on African Americans, but I have to
say that the video interview with John Lewis was an interesting story to
view. </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwKGPJ-aRxxnwj7erjLX9vgfMRhYXkh_1JHBg9fnvzvmaF4FlYvKsKtRocLskXzUmLOgCgo1dkMo6YSF6MGWm6xV2KhWuuOb3K-v-oweZtpDj7vvwvVXnfMXnXPlgB4sc_eGwTvgh7VXI/s1600/Cory_Booker03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwKGPJ-aRxxnwj7erjLX9vgfMRhYXkh_1JHBg9fnvzvmaF4FlYvKsKtRocLskXzUmLOgCgo1dkMo6YSF6MGWm6xV2KhWuuOb3K-v-oweZtpDj7vvwvVXnfMXnXPlgB4sc_eGwTvgh7VXI/s320/Cory_Booker03.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Newark Mayor Cory Booker</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Preserving his previous video style, Gates combines genealogy with DNA and an historic perspective.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Scheduled for the series are Harry Connick, Jr., Barbara Walters, Geoffry Canada, Branford Marsalis, Samuel L. Jackson, and others.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In an upcoming episode, Mr. Gates will use DNA to find the connection in the ancestry of conservative commentator Linda Chavez and actor Adrian Grenier. </span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">PBS "Finding Your Roots" Extended Preview:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2210029269">http://video.pbs.org/video/2210029269</a></span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">PBS "Finding Your Roots" Preview of the Cory Booker and John Lewis Episode</span><br /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2212210270">http://video.pbs.org/video/2212210270</a></span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">"Doubling Down on DNA" Wall Street Journal article</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577297502843483454.html">http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304636404577297502843483454.html</a></span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mr. Gates is a Harvard humanities scholar, wrote each episode of "Finding Your Roots" and is a founding partner of </span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">African DNA, which offers African-American clients a method of tracing their history beyond 1870.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">TV schedules are at the top menu of the PBS previews.</span><br />
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<noscript>Get the &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com/widget/facebook-share"&amp;amp;gt;Share on Facebook&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt; widget and many other &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com/"&amp;amp;gt;great free widgets&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt; at &amp;amp;lt;a href="http://www.widgetbox.com"&amp;amp;gt;Widgetbox&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt;! Not seeing a widget? (&amp;amp;lt;a href="http://docs.widgetbox.com/using-widgets/installing-widgets/why-cant-i-see-my-widget/"&amp;amp;gt;More info&amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;gt;)</noscript>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-45422167290090959162012-03-10T21:10:00.000-05:002012-03-10T21:23:00.184-05:00<br />
<div style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Native (American) Heritage Project</span></b></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiipFiXrK9GhDQFH1sh0aEljgfJ_GHKts-LqDKhh0PQiYEAuU_9rL4kkra-ktnbQnOYgMxSwhCC0CQZ6zZ8bTtie2FIPi9O_JXibxLZEsxpKHsi1bMgti3312zpVcyUOzyOAzTFti4cKDw/s1600/Native_Heritage_Project_half.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiipFiXrK9GhDQFH1sh0aEljgfJ_GHKts-LqDKhh0PQiYEAuU_9rL4kkra-ktnbQnOYgMxSwhCC0CQZ6zZ8bTtie2FIPi9O_JXibxLZEsxpKHsi1bMgti3312zpVcyUOzyOAzTFti4cKDw/s320/Native_Heritage_Project_half.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;"><b> <a href="http://nativeheritageproject.com/">http://nativeheritageproject.com/</a></b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>Roberta Estes has been quietly working on the Native Heritage Project.<br />
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This project seeks to document people who are Native in existing records. To do this, Roberta says she is taking the following steps:</b> <b> </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
</b> <b> 1. She is collecting every instance of documents where Native people have surnames in some record that states they are Native, of Native descent, or have Native heritage. Initially, she has focused on the primary areas of Virginia, NC and SC and the Eastern Seaboard states. </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br />
These, for the most parts, are tribes that were annihilated. Tribes west of the Mississippi were often able to maintain their tribal and cultural heritage after those east of the Mississippi has all but disappeared.<br />
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</b> <b> 2. Regarding the DNA, Roberta is matching the list generated by item 1 against people who are haplogroups Q and C, which are Native, to find a matches between the two lists.<br />
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</b> <b> 3. Ultimately, she would like to combine that information, above, with historical research that maps oldest ancestor of those who are genetically Native and village/tribe locations and perhaps, in time, the hope is to find a correlation and a way to tell which tribe someone is descended from.<br />
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</b> <b> This is an unbelievable amount of work. Roberta has been working on it for almost 5 years now. Much of her early work was in documenting mixed race migrations and historical reading and references documenting early tribal locations.<br />
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Roberta is maintaining a separate page that shows resources she has already accessed. </b> <b><br />
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If you have any record of a person that shows their Native ancestry, with documentation, please contact Roberta Estes. She would love to give them a voice by including their record in the project. </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b></div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b> </b> </div><div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b> <span style="font-size: x-large;">London and Middlesex Parish Records</span></b></span><br />
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<b><b><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brian Swann was kind enough to send an announcement about free access to London and Middlesex records. </span></b></b></b></div>
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<b><b><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b></b></b><b><b><b><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /></b></b></b><b><b><b> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">The West Surrey Family History Society web site:</span> </span></span></b></b></b><br />
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<b><b><b><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b></b></b><b><b><b><a href="http://www.wsfhs.org/"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">www.wsfhs.org</span></a></b></b></b><br />
<b><b><b><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brian's brief instructions for finding records: </span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Click on Publications Page and then on Research Aids.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> - Scroll down until you get to RA 49, RA 50, RA 51 and RA 53. </span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> These can be opened online and are free!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">These indexes cover Baptisms, Marriages, Burials and Nonconformist registers for the specified dates pre-1837.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Brian points out that you should try to read the comments on the web site by Cliff Webb, an authority on London and MIddlesex registers.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> </span></b></b></b><br />
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</b></b></b></div>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-14649571754525535622011-09-19T21:26:00.001-04:002013-11-14T00:36:40.187-05:00Mapping Viking Migration with Y-DNA STR's<div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #274e13;">Mapping Viking Migration with Y-DNA STR's</span></b></span></div>
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<b>Y-DNA analysis of STR information can provide clues to Viking migration in recent time frames. The Y-DNA STR YMRCA estimates suggests that the Norse (Vikings) could have originated from seafaring peoples of the Mediterranean Sea.</b></div>
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In March, 2011, the results of grouping the DNA STR information by country for the I1 (M253) haplotype were studied.</div>
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These results suggested a migration along a sea-faring route in recent time frames. In order to visualize that, a possible migration route is presented here. As stated in the article in March, the method does have some problems. It may be worthwhile to visualization the difference in from currently posted maps of SNP's in order to contrast with what was found from the STR study.</div>
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Most SNP maps today show an overland route for M253 either through the mountains of Europe, or through the general vicinity of Germany. The STR map (below) suggests a sea-faring route, based upon TMRCA estimates for STR modal groups by country.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_TywtdvFCgRXC9qRpDz7ip-Llj2SbP5O4_iezQeVqKM2XUnycxV3dKIHhElLFfMC15MF_SyfTdoTnjywveyjxhfNPMEh1CFzPTbhRqQeYyjDedacTb1MSgLssojiFFMnrHE5d-7ZlyDY/s1600/I1_M253_STR_Geo_Map_Hamm_09192011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_TywtdvFCgRXC9qRpDz7ip-Llj2SbP5O4_iezQeVqKM2XUnycxV3dKIHhElLFfMC15MF_SyfTdoTnjywveyjxhfNPMEh1CFzPTbhRqQeYyjDedacTb1MSgLssojiFFMnrHE5d-7ZlyDY/s320/I1_M253_STR_Geo_Map_Hamm_09192011.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<i>click on image to enlarge</i></div>
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Some of the resulting TMRCA estimates were stylized in order to represent the data in one graphic.</div>
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For reference, see "Y-DNA and Viking Migration"</div>
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<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/y-dna-and-viking-migration.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/y-dna-and-viking-migration.html</a></div>
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and "On Viking Origins & Y-DNA"<br />
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<a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/03/viking-origins-and-y-dna.html</a><br />
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<br />Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-56716173069709401472011-09-18T00:10:00.000-04:002011-09-20T14:32:02.431-04:00Revolutionary War Quick Studies<div style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Revolutionary War</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b> <span style="font-size: small;"><i style="color: #0b5394;">Quick Studies</i></span></b></span><br />
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Drury Ham has to be my favorite HAM Revolutionary War Veteran. His account of his activities as an Indian Spy, combined with his recollection of the Battle of Cowpens is fairly colorful material. Mordecai Ham was a dragoon at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. William Ham was at the Siege of Yorktown.</div>
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If you are looking for a quick study regarding the battles of the Revolutionary War, Jeff Weaver has a few small (and inexpensive) books listed on his Lulu web site. These brief books would be a good companion to our history. These books (below) generally have a good overview of the action, maps, graphics, and an index. These battles are considered to mark the point where the Americans began to win the Revolutionary War. </div>
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In our book "A Short History of the HAM Surname in Virginia & NC," we list some details about the Revolutionary War veterans that carried the HAM(M) surname. There were HAM(M) Revolutionary War Veterans that fought in each of the battles that are considered to have turned the tide of the war. Jeff Weaver's books should be of interest to those who want a brief overview (50+ pages) of these battles.<br />
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There were Ham(m)'s who were Revolutionary War Veterans from each of these battles:<br />
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Battle of Kings Mountain<br />
Battle of Cowpens<br />
Battle of Guilford Courthouse<br />
Siege at Yorktown<br />
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<b>Battle of Kings Mountain</b> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(October 7th, 1780 Near Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-NbMGPZd1oldkSyUVceUgM4O1fSQUYq_fJOQefkhOqdhp2rHa0qLLPFaMpRaAoH83Tp5dKI4oUGSQJH2YbVYx6xyl2WBw5-oHUmaZDS1wxIc0OwZl9NTkqkUqFl1z03G_FcUHw8mSbw/s1600/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain_thumb.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-NbMGPZd1oldkSyUVceUgM4O1fSQUYq_fJOQefkhOqdhp2rHa0qLLPFaMpRaAoH83Tp5dKI4oUGSQJH2YbVYx6xyl2WBw5-oHUmaZDS1wxIc0OwZl9NTkqkUqFl1z03G_FcUHw8mSbw/s1600/Battle_of_Kings_Mountain_thumb.JPG" /></a>During the summer of 1780, British commander Patrick Ferguson travelled through South Carolina into North Carolina gathering loyalist support for the British. After a string of small battles (Wofford's Iron Works, Musgrove's Mill, Thicketty Fort, and Cedar Spring) the campaign culminated in August with the defeat of the Americans at the Battle of Camden. The American "Over Mountain Men" retired to their homes in North Carolina to rest.</div>
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In September, British General Cornwallis ordered commander Ferguson to the north, before joining the main British forces again at a later time. By October 7, Ferguson had camped at King's Mountain.</div>
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American Colonels McDowell, Sevier, Shelby and Campbell gathered in Tennessee and marched to (present day) Morganton, joining those serving under Cleveland and Winston. On October 6th, they joined forces with Colonel Williams at Cowpens.</div>
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The American soldiers marched through the night and arrived at King's Mountain on October 7th. They surrounded the mountain in a horshoe formation, taking cover in the heavily wooded area. The battle lasted about an hour and 225 Loyalists were killed, 716 were taken prisoner. 28 Patriots were killed.</div>
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<b>Battle of Cowpens</b> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(January 17, 1781 Cowpens, South Carolina)</span></div>
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Maj. General Nathanael Greene needed time to recover from the Battle of King's Mountain, and split his mobile force off to be under the command of Brig. General Daniel Morgan. The British Lt. General Charles Cornwallis recognized the strategy and sent his own mobile force under Lt. Colonel Banastre Tarleton after Morgan. After several weeks of maneuvering, General Morgan finally had to choose his ground before Lt. Colonel Tarleton overran him.</div>
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Morgan settled on Cowpens, South Carolina. Morgan's strategy was that the British would expect a retreat. Part of Morgan's plan was for Andrew Pickens' militia to feignt a withdraw by firing three times, and then falling back. When the battle took place, the British became undisciplined and broke ranks in pursuit. This loss of discipline allowed the planned actions of the Continentals to thoroughly rout the British and destroy General Cornwallis' light troops.</div>
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<b>Battle of Guilford Courthouse</b> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(March 15, 1781 Greensboro,NC)</span></div>
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After Cowpens, the British General Cornwallis pursued the American General Nathanael Greene to Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina. By this time Greene had built a substantial force (mostly farmers who were nonprofessional temporary soldiers of short duration). </div>
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On March 15, General Greene deployed his men in three lines of battle across the Great Salisbury Wagon Road that led off to the southwest toward the camp of the British army. The front line was deployed against a rail fence that surround farm fields and extended into the forest. The second line was located within the forest behind the first line.</div>
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The British Highland Regiment attacked, and suffered heavy losses before breaking through the center of Greene's front line. The second line fought for about an hour and was broken by the British, but only after the British again suffered heavy losses. The heaviest fighting was at the third line, where the British General Cornwallis found his men being attacked from the remaining two sides of American forces. The battle culminated when Cornwallis decided to fire his cannon into the center of the struggle, killing his own soldiers in the process. When the smoke cleared, the American General Greene ordered a retreat. Cornwallis had won the battle, but suffered heavy casualties.</div>
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<b>From King's Mountain to Yorktown</b></div>
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<i> <span style="font-size: x-small;">(Siege at Yorktown October 09, 1781 Yorktown, Virginia) </span></i></div>
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By midsummer, 1781, the Continentals under General Nathaniel Greene had gained virtual control of South Carolina. By September, 1781 Greene had an apparent loss at the Battle of Eutaw Springs to British commanders Arbuthnot and Stewart. Nevertheless, Greene put an end to British conquests in the south. </div>
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Also that month, French commander deGrasse defeated a British Fleet that had come to relieve Cornwallis (Battle of the Chesapeake). As a result of this victory, de Grasse blocked any escape by sea for Cornwallis. British General Cornwallis was stationed in Yorktown, Virginia and was surrounded by land and by sea when George Washington arrives. Trees were cleared, trenches were dug, and redoubts were taken. By October 9th, Rochambeau's French cannons would begin the bombardment.</div>
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<b>The Revolution in Virginia</b></div>
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by H.J. Eckenrode</div>
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<b>Revolutionary War Soldiers from the Upper New River Valley</b></div>
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by Jeffery C. Weaver</div>
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<b>About the Publisher</b></div>
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Author Jeffrey C. Weaver holds degrees in American history from Appalachian State University, and after serving in the U.S. Army for several years, he worked as a contracting officer for the U.S. Department of Energy. Former manager of the Chilhowie Public Library, he founded the New River Notes web page in 1998. </div>
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Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3560678327616192443.post-81851563123333493722011-08-15T00:33:00.019-04:002015-04-04T05:47:45.060-04:00Ancient Migrations Using STR TMRCA<div style="font-family: Arial; font-family: arial; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><big><big><big><span style="color: #006600;">Ancient Migrations</span> <br />
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<span style="color: #996633; font-style: italic;">An analysis of time frames using Y-DNA STR TMRCA estimations</span> </big></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">It may be useful for family historians to use Y-Search data in order to understand ancient migration patterns for their family line. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">A number of folks disregard the results from Y-Search that do not provide a DNA match beyond a Genetic Distance of 6. That's because most are only interested in genealogical time frames. Deep ancestry is usually left to obscure SNP notations that may or may not make sense to the average genealogist. The general migration path for an SNP can trace out a migration path dating to tens of thousands of years ago. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> However, a family historian might be just as interested in what happened within the last two thousand years, in the hope that some day, supporting documentation may be found, or at least put on their search list. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> If you have an idea of where your line originated from within the last two thousand years, then you have an idea of whether or not you should be interested in, for example, Normans. Or Saxons. Or Romans. <br />
</span><span style="font-family: arial;">I had not completed my migration study of HAM DNA Group #1 when I posted the article (about being in a line from <span style="font-weight: bold;">England</span> that also matches Y-DNA for <span style="font-weight: bold;">Norway</span> and <span style="font-weight: bold;">France</span>. <a href="http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/05/england-traces-in-france.html">http://hamcountry-blog.blogspot.com/2011/05/england-traces-in-france.html</a> - see cluster #2). However, from the chart listed there, I could have just as easily listed out the data in chronological order, such as: </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span id="formatbar_Buttons" style="display: block; font-family: arial;"><span class=" down" id="formatbar_CreateLink" style="display: block;" title="Link"></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;">present............U.S. <br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> 1577 AD........Virginia </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> 1288 AD........County Somerset, England </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> 913 AD........Broennoeysund, Norway </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> 855 AD........Gloucester or London, England </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> 638 AD........Dirksland or Margraten, Netherlands </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> 465 AD........France </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> 335 AD........Devonshire, England </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Which should represent a broad outline of the migration of my own line (HAM DNA Group #1). Not a whole lot of movement there, apparently a fairly stable group. And, my analysis was not really completed (not all of the data was analyzed). The curious entry there (for my group) would be to determine where the group from Devonshire was at 335 AD. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The basic idea is to create the phylogram from the Y-Search data such that you know where the other Y-Search kits may have branched off. Then use Dean McGee's Utility to find the TMRCA in order to estimate an approximate timeline for the migration of your family group. <br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Without getting into very much detail, I have done this for another I1 haplotype group (WIDEBURG surname). For this study, the Y-Search data was divided into small groups, then Dean McGee's utility was run to get the TMRCA's, and the phylograms were run on the groups in order to determine what was branching off and what was not. <br />
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<br />
The Wideburg results resembled a migration pattern such as this: <br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Wideburg............ now.........Sweden </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> England16........ 1505.........Harpole, Northampton, England; London, England; Thurlby, England </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> England15........ 1580.........Norwich, England </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Ireland19........... 1430.........County Kerry, Ireland </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany24....... 1305.........Cabell County, Germany </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Netherlands07.. 1305.........Netherlands </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Denmark03....... 1230.........Stadil, Denmark </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany08....... 1155.........Germany </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> England01......... 1080.........Essex, England </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> England04......... 1030.........Benwick, Cambs, England; Moulton, Northampton, England; Essex, England; </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> ...............................................Newbold Verdon, England; Liverpool, England; London, England; </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> ...............................................Bristol, Gloucestershire, England </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Scotland06.........1030.........Renfrew (Port Glasgow or Paisley), Scotland; Pike County, Georgia, Scotland </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> France01............1030.........Tonquédec, France; Oberroedern, Alsace/Elsass, France </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Denmark05..........805.........Laurbjerg, Denmark </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany38..........730.........Germany </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany50..........730.........Oberstenfeld, Germany </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> France03..............655.........France </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany45..........580.........Falkenhagen, Pomerania/Pommern, Germany </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Slovenia02...........500.........Gradenc, Slovenia </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Switzerland11......405.........Buettenhardt, Schaffhausen, Switzerland </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Sweden05...........155..AD.........Lindesburg Parish, Sweden </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> Which suggests an I1 migration pattern perhaps originating from Slovenia, and perhaps migrating through Germany via the Danube, through Denmark, France, Scotland, and finally arriving in England, then Sweden. A lot of movement for this group, and the analysis was done by placing similar kits within each country into small groups. The curious point here being to try to understand where the Switzerland group actually was located in 405 AD, as well as the location of the Sweden group in 155 AD. <br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> However, the interesting point for the Wideburg surname is that they are found in Denmark at about the time of the Danish Vikings, and are found in France and England at about the time of the Norman invasion. <br />
</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> However, dividing kits matched by country is no guarantee that you will see movement as clearly defined. When the study was run on the STANLEY surname, the results appeared to be unreliable for placement on the phylogenetic tree prior to 700 AD. The migration path for this R1b group traced out like this: <br />
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</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> STANLEY..... ARJYZ .........Now </span> <br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> England046...........1360.....AD........GBWJC......Salkeld........Salkeld Parva, Cumberland, England </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Scotlan033............1216.5..AD........GSMDW....Guthery.........Scotland </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Germany017...........953.5..AD........4MRWP.......Harmon.......Woerttemberg/Wurttemberg, Germany </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> England096.............910.8..AD........83Y4V.........Curtis...........West Farmington, England </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Sweden03...............836.0..AD........SKNTC.......Johansson...Jonsberg, Ostergotland, Sweden </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> Scotlan034..............727.4..AD........N9SQE.......Downie.........Lanarkshire, Scotland </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sweden07</span><span style="font-family: arial;">................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">684</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">NHVM Anderson Goteborg, Goeteborg & Bohus, Sweden </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">France08</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">598 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">JQXXQ Fousse Alsace-Lorraine/Elsass-Lothringen, France </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England075</span><span style="font-family: arial;">...............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">511</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England (490 - 517 Battle of Mons Badonicus - Romano-British under Ambrosius Aurelianus decisively defeat the Anglo-Saxon invaders.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sicily01 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">....................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">488</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Agira, Sicily</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Scotlan032 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">...............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">440</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Scotland </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sweden06 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">...............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">408 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nordmaling, V???sterbotten, Sweden (Visigoths under Alaric sack Rome in 410.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Norway03 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">398 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mandal, Norway </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany019</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">391</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Roethenbach an der Pegnitz, Bavaria/Bayern, Germany (Visigoths defeat the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 388)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England097</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">346 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hertfordshire, England </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany021</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">344</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany027</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">316</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Wurzburg, Germany (Wurzburg is, perhaps, 150 miles from Trier.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany024</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">306 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany (307 Emperor Constantine is in Britain, and sends troops against Germanic tribes along the Rhine, begins a major expansion of Trier.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England100</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">303 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Plymouth, Devon or Devonshire, England </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England103</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">285</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Baldwin, Isle of Man, United Kingdom </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England098</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">285 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chorley, England (Roman Carausius, is put in charge of operations against Saxon and Frankish pirates on the Saxon Shore.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Italy07 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">........</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">196</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mezzojuso, Italy (Roman Battle of Lugdunum was fought in 197 AD)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany026</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">180 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Schnait im Remstal, Wuerttemberg, Germany (Roman Praetorian Prefect Teratenius Paternus defeats the Quadi.)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England106 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">168</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Corby, Northamptonshire, England (The Marcomannic Wars ca 166 - 180)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany028</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">151</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Friedrichroda, Germany </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England108 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">133 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England (Antonine begins construction on his wall in 142 AD)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England110</span><span style="font-family: arial;">.................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">80</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">England (Hadrian begins construction on his wall in 122 AD)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany029</span><span style="font-family: arial;">...............</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">59 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hofheim, Bergstrasse, Hessen, Germany (Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo captures Tigranocerta)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Netherla05</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">57</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Domburg, Zeeland, Netherlands </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Australia3</span><span style="font-family: arial;">...................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">23 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Australia (Australia isn't settled by Europeans until about 1600)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany031</span><span style="font-family: arial;">................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">8</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..AD........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Wittenberg, Germany (Roman Battle of the Teutoburg Forest)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">France09 </span><span style="font-family: arial;">....................</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">3 BC</span><span style="font-family: arial;">..........</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bourges, France [Caesar conquers Bourges (Avaricum) ca 50 BC]</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;"> Looks like the last 1,000 years have mostly been in England and Scotland. Prior to that they have a German element, with some indication of the possibility of some ties to Italy and Sicily. So, it looks like that STANLEY line may be Anglo Saxon, with something that looks "Romanesque." <br />
</span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;">The timeline </span><span style="font-family: arial;">for the period from 0 AD to 700 AD was updated on Nov 27. 2011, but the phylogeny did not appear to be stable. That is, it is likely that the timeline would may be correct (mostly due to the number of markers tested per kit for the period). The original article only listed the results back to 727 AD. Historical references for the date and location were taken from Wikipedia.<br />
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</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span> <br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"> The oldest STR match found indicating possible origins in France. <br />
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</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> For the Stanley surname, the Y-Search results had been divided into some 158 groups, mostly 67 markers with less than 20 kits that had been tested to 95 markers. Most of these beyond 67 markers were panel upgrades, which caused a little bit of manual effort to sort in correct order. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial;">The dates do not really provide an explanation of the reasons for migration. It might be reasonable to expect that short periods of migration along coastal areas or waterways to be trading activity. But, it might be difficult to interpret the difference between trading activity and military operations. More information with regard to historical references may help in the interpretation of the activities during the time periods. <br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;">Wikipedia articles:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Roman Battles: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_battles">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_battles</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Antonine Wall: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Hadrian's Wall: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Marcomannic Wars: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">If you would like me to do this for your surname, please see my <a href="http://home.earthlink.net/%7Eodoniv/HamCountry/PressKit/Y-DNA_Services.html">Y-DNA services</a> web page. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> <span style="color: #990000;">To post a comment, click on the title and scroll to the bottom.</span></span>Odonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17554791797645838131noreply@blogger.com0